What governs the chemical kinetics

What governs the buffer system, ph of weak acids and bases

Log p

Ratio of UNIONIZED compound in an organic and aqueous phase

Overall ratio, ionized and unionized, of a compound in organic and aqueous phase

Measure of potency of an antimicrobial agent compared to phenol as reference against a standard microbe, usually s typhi

Crystallization due to the presence of a solvent

Other term for pseudopolymorphism

Element exist in different molecular forms

Drug preparations intended to produce local effects have ___________ absorption in the general circulation

Most drugs are absorbed by

Drug absorption applies to all routes of administration except

Drugs are absorbed mainly in

In severe diarrhea, a drug is

Aspirin is more ionized in __________ environment

High rate and extent of dissolution

High git motility

Most drugs enter the cell by

Acidic drugs binds to

Only _______________drugs can diffuse through the capillary wall, provide systemic effects, be metabolized and excreted

Highly perfused organs enables __________ onset of action

Lowest perfused organ

Drug is extensively bound to tissue sites

Extensive plasma protein binding of drugs

ACE inhibitors are prodrugs except

Inactive form of dipivefrin

Inactive form of levodopa

___________ are inactive drugs that when metabolized are converted to active metabolites

Drug metabolism aka

Two processes responsible for the decline of the plasma drug concentration over time

The elimination of unchanged drug or metabolism from the body

The hepatic metabolism of oral drugs before reaching the systemic circulation

The process by which the drug is transferred from intravascular spaces to extravascular spaces (tissues)

The transfer of drugs from the route of administration to the blood circulation

The metabolism of most drugs will lead to their ___________

When taken with omeorazole, the plasma concentration of warfarin ________

The capacity that is present at birth

Metabolic capacity that develops over weeks or months

Most common phase 1 reaction

Most common phase 2 reaction

Can cause peripheral neuritis in slow acetylators

Can cause sle like symptoms in slow acetylators

For fast acetylators, this drug requires higher dose but is more at risk to hepatoxicity due to acetylhydrazine formation

Formation of _________ causes isoniazid to be hepatotoxic

For fast acetylators, this drug requires higher dose to control blood pressure

First order kinetics

The rate of metabolism is proportional to the concentration

The rate of metabolism is constant despite the increase in concentration

In zero order kinetics, the enzymes are

When a drug is more ionized inside the cells, it is more trapped or sequestered hence the volume of distribution is larger. This phenomenon is called

Measure the filtering capacity of the glomerulus

Most common method to estimate GFR