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gen bio exam
55問 • 1年前
  • Joshua Timbol
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    invented the first primitive microscope.

    Zacharias Janssen

  • 2

    observed microorganisms by using his own practical microscope.

    Anton van Leeuwenhoek

  • 3

    disproved the spontaneous generation theory of Aristotle.

    Louise Pasteur

  • 4

    proposed that all plants are composed of cells.

    Matthias Schleiden

  • 5

    proposed that all animals are composed of cells.

    Theodor Schwann

  • 6

    proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

    Rudolf Virchow

  • 7

    The cell has three major divisions, namely, the:

    plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus.

  • 8

    is the cell's primary barrier. Cell membrane or plasma membrane separates the cytoplasm from external environment.

    plasma membrane

  • 9

    passageway of certain molecules

    CHANNEL PROTEINS

  • 10

    change conformation to transport molecules

    CARRIER PROTEINS

  • 11

    detect invading pathogens

    CELL RECOGNITION PROTEINS

  • 12

    binding of molecules to trigger responses

    RECEPTOR PROTEINS

  • 13

    This consists of a network of protein fibers that gives the cell its structural framework. In addition to providing a structural framework to the cell, the _____ also serves other functions such as movement of organelles, macromolecules, and chromosomes.

    Cytoskeleton

  • 14

    These consist of helically arranged globular proteins called tubulin.

    Microtubules

  • 15

    They consist of long fibers of actin protein, making them the thinnest cytoskeleton. They help facilitate cell and organelle movement. They can help change the shape of the cell.

    Microfilaments

  • 16

    Helps maintain cell shape and anchors the cell.

    Intermediate Filaments

  • 17

    This is where all different subcellular structures are suspended.

    Cytoplasm

  • 18

    is a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane, and it helps maintain the shape of cells and prevent them from bursting.

    Cell Wall

  • 19

    Most bacteria have cell wall made up of _____.

    peptidoglycan

  • 20

    The cell wall in some fungi consists of ____ and in plant cell it is made up of cellulose.

    chitin

  • 21

    This is a prominent, usually oval structure in a eukaryotic cell. It is in almost the center of the cell.

    Nucleus

  • 22

    are the organelles that use instructions from the nucleus, written in mRNA, to build proteins.

    Ribosomes

  • 23

    Synthesizes protein.

    Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • 24

    Synthesizes lipids.

    Smooth Endoplasmie Reticulum

  • 25

    These serve functions like a warehouse and processing center, processing products of the ER.

    Golgi Body

  • 26

    - These contain enzymes and serve as metabolic assistance to organelles and specialize in synthesizing & breaking down lipids.

    Peroxisomes

  • 27

    - These serve as a storage of water, organic nutrients, variety of salts, sugar & some weak acids.

    Vacuole

  • 28

    - Powerhouse of the cell.

    Mitochondria

  • 29

    are metabolically diverse because they can utilize different nutrients and energy sources, and they can inhabit all types of environments on Earth.

    Prokaryotic organisms

  • 30

    Domain Eukarya, which includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals

    EUKARYOTIC Organisms

  • 31

    The sterols that are present in the cell membrane are ___

    cholesterol (animals), phytosterol (plants) and ergosterol (fungi).

  • 32

    They do not have sterols in the cell membrane but have a sterol-like lipid component called ____.

    hopanoid

  • 33

    In eukaryotic cells, individual cells reproduce through ____ and ___?.

    mitosis and meiosis

  • 34

    Most prokaryotic cells reproduce through binary fission, and some reproduce through ____.

    spores

  • 35

    • Growth of cytoplasm and doubling of organelles • Produce proteins, enzymes, nutrients, and energy • Highest rate of protein synthesis •Movement of centrioles of the centrosomes away to await and assist the events of mitosis

    Interphase-Gap 1

  • 36

    Continued growth and the production of materials that are necessary for cell division to occur • Protein synthesis but not at the rate like that of the Gl phase

    Events during the Gap 2 phase

  • 37

    • The___ in eukaryotic organisms involves either one of two processes, namely, mitosis and meiosis. Sex cells or gametes undergo meiosis, whereas somatic cells or non-sex cells undergo mitosis.

    M phase

  • 38

    is marked by the formation of a cleavage furrow in animal cells. _____ is marked by the formation of a cell plate in plant cells.

    Cytokinesis

  • 39

    The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The nucleolus disintegrates. The mitotic spindle starts to form.

    Prophase

  • 40

    The microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach and interact with the kinetochores of the chromosomes. The chromosomes align at the center of the cell, in the metaphase plate.

    Metaphase

  • 41

    The mitotic spindle pulls and separates the sister chromatids apart. The chromatids, now called daughter chromatids, are then pulled toward the opposite poles.

    Anaphase

  • 42

    Daughter chromatids decondense. In animals, the boundary of the new cells is known as the cleavage furrow. In plants, it is known as the cell plate.

    TELOPHASE

  • 43

    SIGNIFICANCE OF MITOSIS

    • maintenance of genetic material • growth and development •repair and recovery •asexual reproduction

  • 44

    THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MEIOSIS

    • reduction of genetic material and sexual reproduction • inheritance • genetic diversity • survival

  • 45

    Factors that can cause cancer

    • Heredity • cigarettes and alcohol • obesity • exposure to radiation • exposure to carcinogens • exposure to pollution

  • 46

    Partial missing chromosome in 24" pair

    Turner Syndrome

  • 47

    Skin discolorations are characterized by person with a mosaic form of Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome.

    Mosaicisms

  • 48

    causes the brain to shrink and brain cells to eventually die. (Memory Lost)

    Alzheimer's Disease

  • 49

    is characterized by manic and depressive episodes.

    Bipolar disorder

  • 50

    is when water molecules move at the same rate in both directions.

    isotonic solution

  • 51

    has lower solute concentration and has higher water concentration (i.e., less solute, more water).

    Hypotonic

  • 52

    can cause the cell to swell or even burst due to the intake of water more than the cell can accommodate.

    Hypotonic solution

  • 53

    has higher solute concentration and has lower water concentration (i.e., more solute, less water).

    Hypertonic

  • 54

    can cause an animal cell to shrink or shrivel due to water loss.

    Hypertonic solution

  • 55

    refers to the gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution.

    Concentration gradient

    • Gen Chem

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    invented the first primitive microscope.

    Zacharias Janssen

  • 2

    observed microorganisms by using his own practical microscope.

    Anton van Leeuwenhoek

  • 3

    disproved the spontaneous generation theory of Aristotle.

    Louise Pasteur

  • 4

    proposed that all plants are composed of cells.

    Matthias Schleiden

  • 5

    proposed that all animals are composed of cells.

    Theodor Schwann

  • 6

    proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

    Rudolf Virchow

  • 7

    The cell has three major divisions, namely, the:

    plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus.

  • 8

    is the cell's primary barrier. Cell membrane or plasma membrane separates the cytoplasm from external environment.

    plasma membrane

  • 9

    passageway of certain molecules

    CHANNEL PROTEINS

  • 10

    change conformation to transport molecules

    CARRIER PROTEINS

  • 11

    detect invading pathogens

    CELL RECOGNITION PROTEINS

  • 12

    binding of molecules to trigger responses

    RECEPTOR PROTEINS

  • 13

    This consists of a network of protein fibers that gives the cell its structural framework. In addition to providing a structural framework to the cell, the _____ also serves other functions such as movement of organelles, macromolecules, and chromosomes.

    Cytoskeleton

  • 14

    These consist of helically arranged globular proteins called tubulin.

    Microtubules

  • 15

    They consist of long fibers of actin protein, making them the thinnest cytoskeleton. They help facilitate cell and organelle movement. They can help change the shape of the cell.

    Microfilaments

  • 16

    Helps maintain cell shape and anchors the cell.

    Intermediate Filaments

  • 17

    This is where all different subcellular structures are suspended.

    Cytoplasm

  • 18

    is a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane, and it helps maintain the shape of cells and prevent them from bursting.

    Cell Wall

  • 19

    Most bacteria have cell wall made up of _____.

    peptidoglycan

  • 20

    The cell wall in some fungi consists of ____ and in plant cell it is made up of cellulose.

    chitin

  • 21

    This is a prominent, usually oval structure in a eukaryotic cell. It is in almost the center of the cell.

    Nucleus

  • 22

    are the organelles that use instructions from the nucleus, written in mRNA, to build proteins.

    Ribosomes

  • 23

    Synthesizes protein.

    Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • 24

    Synthesizes lipids.

    Smooth Endoplasmie Reticulum

  • 25

    These serve functions like a warehouse and processing center, processing products of the ER.

    Golgi Body

  • 26

    - These contain enzymes and serve as metabolic assistance to organelles and specialize in synthesizing & breaking down lipids.

    Peroxisomes

  • 27

    - These serve as a storage of water, organic nutrients, variety of salts, sugar & some weak acids.

    Vacuole

  • 28

    - Powerhouse of the cell.

    Mitochondria

  • 29

    are metabolically diverse because they can utilize different nutrients and energy sources, and they can inhabit all types of environments on Earth.

    Prokaryotic organisms

  • 30

    Domain Eukarya, which includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals

    EUKARYOTIC Organisms

  • 31

    The sterols that are present in the cell membrane are ___

    cholesterol (animals), phytosterol (plants) and ergosterol (fungi).

  • 32

    They do not have sterols in the cell membrane but have a sterol-like lipid component called ____.

    hopanoid

  • 33

    In eukaryotic cells, individual cells reproduce through ____ and ___?.

    mitosis and meiosis

  • 34

    Most prokaryotic cells reproduce through binary fission, and some reproduce through ____.

    spores

  • 35

    • Growth of cytoplasm and doubling of organelles • Produce proteins, enzymes, nutrients, and energy • Highest rate of protein synthesis •Movement of centrioles of the centrosomes away to await and assist the events of mitosis

    Interphase-Gap 1

  • 36

    Continued growth and the production of materials that are necessary for cell division to occur • Protein synthesis but not at the rate like that of the Gl phase

    Events during the Gap 2 phase

  • 37

    • The___ in eukaryotic organisms involves either one of two processes, namely, mitosis and meiosis. Sex cells or gametes undergo meiosis, whereas somatic cells or non-sex cells undergo mitosis.

    M phase

  • 38

    is marked by the formation of a cleavage furrow in animal cells. _____ is marked by the formation of a cell plate in plant cells.

    Cytokinesis

  • 39

    The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The nucleolus disintegrates. The mitotic spindle starts to form.

    Prophase

  • 40

    The microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach and interact with the kinetochores of the chromosomes. The chromosomes align at the center of the cell, in the metaphase plate.

    Metaphase

  • 41

    The mitotic spindle pulls and separates the sister chromatids apart. The chromatids, now called daughter chromatids, are then pulled toward the opposite poles.

    Anaphase

  • 42

    Daughter chromatids decondense. In animals, the boundary of the new cells is known as the cleavage furrow. In plants, it is known as the cell plate.

    TELOPHASE

  • 43

    SIGNIFICANCE OF MITOSIS

    • maintenance of genetic material • growth and development •repair and recovery •asexual reproduction

  • 44

    THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MEIOSIS

    • reduction of genetic material and sexual reproduction • inheritance • genetic diversity • survival

  • 45

    Factors that can cause cancer

    • Heredity • cigarettes and alcohol • obesity • exposure to radiation • exposure to carcinogens • exposure to pollution

  • 46

    Partial missing chromosome in 24" pair

    Turner Syndrome

  • 47

    Skin discolorations are characterized by person with a mosaic form of Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome.

    Mosaicisms

  • 48

    causes the brain to shrink and brain cells to eventually die. (Memory Lost)

    Alzheimer's Disease

  • 49

    is characterized by manic and depressive episodes.

    Bipolar disorder

  • 50

    is when water molecules move at the same rate in both directions.

    isotonic solution

  • 51

    has lower solute concentration and has higher water concentration (i.e., less solute, more water).

    Hypotonic

  • 52

    can cause the cell to swell or even burst due to the intake of water more than the cell can accommodate.

    Hypotonic solution

  • 53

    has higher solute concentration and has lower water concentration (i.e., more solute, less water).

    Hypertonic

  • 54

    can cause an animal cell to shrink or shrivel due to water loss.

    Hypertonic solution

  • 55

    refers to the gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution.

    Concentration gradient