Histological techniques

Self - renewed, undifferentiated

Proliferation

Perform their specialised functions

Interphase, mitotic phase, therminal phase

G1,S,G2

Replication

Each chromosome is duplicated

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Centromere, Chromatid

Metacentric

Submetacentric

Acrocentric

Telocentric

22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes

Necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, mitotic catastrophe

The lipid bilayer, membrane proteins

Inner, surface, transmembrane

Passive ( no energy required ), active ( energy required )

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion

Exocytosis, endocytosis

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, potocytosis

Plasmalemma, innermembrane

Water, ions, macromolecules

Cytoskeleton, protein complexes, protein compartments

Microfilements - actin filaments, Macrofilaments - myosin filaments, Microtubules, Intermediate filaments - neurofilaments

Nuclear envelope with nuclear pore, Nucleolus, Nucleoplasm, Chromatin

Pars fibrosa, Pars granulosa, Nucleolar matrix

rRNA synthesis, ribosomal assembly

DNA double helix complexed with histone and nonhistone proteins

Heterochromatin, euchromatin

mRNA, tRNA

rRNA

Carries the genetic code to the cytoplasm to direct protein synthesis

Carries aminoacids to ribosomes where they are linked into proteins

Associates with many different proteins to form ribosomes

Particular segment of DNA is copied into mRNA

No

Small (40s) and large (60s) subunit

Synthesize the protein not destined for transport

Synthesize proteins destined for transport

Cisterna, ribosomes

Tubules and vesicles

Synthesis of proteins including secretory, plasma membrane and lysosomal proteins, Monitors the assembly, retention and degradation of certain proteins

Synthesis of steroid hormones, phospholipids, cholesterol, Detoxifying harmful chemicals in liver cells

The process in which ribosomes create proteins

Initiation, elongation, translocation, termination

Recycles and redistributes membranes

Rod - shaped

Inner, outer

Intermembrane compartment, matrix compartment

Produce high - energy ATP molecules

Hydrolizing or digesting enzymes

Golgi apparatus

Intracellular digestion, Intercellular phagocytosis

Microorganisms, Cellular debris, Worn - out cells or cell organelles

Energy storage

Light microscopy techniques, Electron microscopy techniques, Histochemistry techniques, Immunocytochemistry techniques, Fluorescence techniques

Transmition ( TEM ), Scanning ( SEM )

Lipofuscin, Melanin

Macromolecules

Proteins, antigens

Organelles, cytoskeleton

Specimen collection, Fixing, Processing, Embedding, Sectioning, Staining, Analysis