Treatment and Problems

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問題数 23 • 2024/02/13

Marie Everio

通報

問題一覧

calcium and magnesium; clogging, burning out of boilers, laundry and food preparation; ion exchanger and zeolite process

hardness

acidity, entrained oxygen and carbon dioxide (low ph); closing of iron pipe rust, destroy brass pipe; raising the alkaline content

corrosion

contamination by organic matter or sewage; disease; chlorination by sodium hypochlorite or chlorine gas

pollution

iron and manganese; discoloration of fixtures and laundry; precipitation by filtration through manganese zeolite oxidizing filter

color

organic matter; unpleasantness; filtration through activated carbon purifier filtration

taste or odor

carbon dioxide, containing decaying vegetation; corrosion, rusting, and clogging of steep pipes; through a bed of crushed marble or limestone, sodium silicate

acidity

silt or suspended matters picked up in a surface; discoloration and bad taste; filtration

turbidity

measure of total calcium, magnesium, iron, and other metallic elements that contribute to the “hard” feel of water

hardness

presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium

temporary hardness

presence of noncarbonic salts (sulfates, chlorides, and nitrates)

permanent hardness

sum of the calcium and magnesium concentrations; combination of temporary (carbonate hardness) and permanent (non-carbonate hardness)

total hardness

build up of minerals and rust from inner linings of pipes; caused by minerals like calcium carbonate and magnesium

pipe scaling

0-75mg/L; 0 to 4

soft

76-150mg/L; 4 to 8.5

moderate

151-300mg/L; 8.5 to 17

hard

over 300mg/L; 17+

very hard

standard ion exchange water softener; hard water treatment; the hardness (calcium and magnesium) is replaced with sodium

sodium ion exchange process

soft

less than 1 or 17.1

slightly hard

1 to 3.5; 17.1 to 60

moderately hard

3.5 to 7; 60 to 120

hard

7 to 10; 120-180

very hard

over 10; over 180

other method for hard water treatment

boiling of water and addition of lime (calcium hydroxide)