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問題一覧
1
Which of the following types of lipids is not a component of the membrane structures:
triacylglycerols
2
Which of the following lipids are glycolipids:
c) 2+4
3
Which of the following statements about the activation of fatty acids before their inclusion in β- oxidation is wrong:
c) activation of the fatty acids takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum
4
Which of the following pairs of vitamins act as coenzymes in the βoxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms:
• b) biotin and vit. B12
5
Which of the following shuttle mechanisms is involved in the transfer of activated fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria?
c) acyl-carnitine
6
Which of the following metabolites is an allosteric inhibitor of the regulatory enzyme of β- oxidation:
b)Malonil-CоА
7
In which of the following organs the synthesis of ketone bodies (ketogenesis) takes place:
d) liver
8
Which of the following hormones stimulates ketogenesis in the periods of fasting:
c) glucagon
9
Triacylglycerols from the diet are transported by one of the following transport form. Which is that:
a) chylomicrons
10
• Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols located in different lipoprotein complexes (e.g. in chylomicrons, VLDL)
b)lipoprotein-lipase
11
Which of the following transport forms of lipids contain the so-called, alpha (α) cholesterol, which usually is determined in clinical laboratory tests of the blood.
c)high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
12
• Which of the following statements for the synthesis of saturated fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms (palmitic acid) is false:
• b) NADH serves as a donor of reducing equivalents
13
Which of the following enzymes involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms, is a regulatory enzyme of the process:
a) carnitine acyltransferase I (carnitine:palmitoyltransferase I)
14
Which of the following statements about the regulation of the activity of the regulatory enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis, acetyl-CoA carboxylase is false:
a) the activity is regulated by the mechanism of covalent modification (phosphorylation / dephosphorylation), аs the active form is phosphorylated.
15
Which one of the metabolites of glycolysis occurring in adipocytes, is converted to glycerol-3- phosphate being one of the substrates for the synthesis of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue:
d) dihydroxyacetone-phosphate
16
Which of the following enzymes is regulatory in degradation of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue:
d) hormone-sensitivelipase
17
Which of the following statements about the degradation of triacylglycerol's in adipose tissue is false:
• a) triacylglycerol's are degraded when the insulin/glucagonratioin the blood is high
18
Which of the following biological functions of cholesterol is not correct:
c) cholesterol serves as a precursor for vitamin E synthesis
19
Which of the following metabolites is obtained in the biosynthesis of ketone bodies, and in the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver, i.e., appears to be a key metabolite
b)hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA
20
• Which of the following cofactors supplies reducing equivalents for the action of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase:
c)NADPН
21
Which of the following statements about regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis is true:
d) cholesterol represses the synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase
22
Which of the following statements about arachidonic acid is wrong:
B) arachidonic acid is 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid
23
Which of the following statements about the physiological functions of eicosanoids is false:
d) All eicosanoids act as vasoconstrictors
24
The high concentration of which of the lipid transport forms listed below decreases the risk of developing of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease?
a) HDL
25
• Which of the listed subcellular compartments is the place, where the oxidation of fatty acids leading to introduction of double bond is performed:
a) mitochondria
26
Eicosatetraenoic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of
a) 1+2+3
27
The oxidative phase of the PPP (pentose phosphate pathway) is important for:
b) 1+3
28
Which of the following mechanisms, for activating of the biosynthesis of fatty acids from the insulin is incorrect:
d) insulin with its signaling cascade leads to activation of the enzyme glycerol-3- phosphate acyl transferase, via maintaining of its unphosphorilated form
29
Which of the following compounds are cholesterol derivatives?
d) 1+3+4
30
Which of the following compounds is a key (a key metabolite) in the synthesis of most glycerolipids?
c) phosphatidic acid
31
Which of the enzymes that catalyze reactions in the synthesis of glycerolipids is regulatory?
b) glycerol-3P-acyltransferase
32
Which of the following groups of lipids are glycolipids?
b) 2+3
33
Which of the following essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are supplied only from foods of animal origin.
b) 2+3
34
On which positions in the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids double bonds may be introduced in man (desaturases function in human cells)?
b) 4, 5, 6 and 9
35
Which of the following reactions and processes provide reducing equivalents (NADPH) used in the synthesis of fatty acids?
c) 2+4
36
Which of the following compounds is the direct donor of 14 of the 16 carbon atoms in the synthesis of palmitic acid?
c) malonyl-CоА
37
Which of the following compounds are not allosteric activators of the main key enzyme in the synthesis of fatty acids, Acetyl CoA carboxylase?
a) 1+2+3
38
In which of the following organs the synthesis of ketone bodies (ketogenesis):takes place
d) liver
39
Which of the following hormones stimulates ketogenesis in periods of fasting?
d) glucagon
40
Which of the following compounds are ketone bodies with metabolic importance for tissues:
b) 1+3
41
Which of the following lipoprotein complexes are the main carriers of TAG to peripheral tissues:
b) 1+2
42
Which of the following enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of lipoprotein complexes:
c) 1+3+4
43
• Which of the following lipoprotein complexes transport the "bad" cholesterol and raising of their levels is a risk factor for atherosclerosis:
c) LDL
44
• Which of the following coenzymes serves as a donor of reducing equivalents in the synthesis of fatty acids in fatty acid synthase complex?
c) NADPН
45
How many turns (cycles) of the spiral of β-oxidation occur for oxidation of palmitic acid (Palmitoyl-CoA) to Acetyl-CoA?
c) 7
46
In which of the following cell compartments of hepatocytes the ketogenesis occurs?
b) mitochondria
47
•Which of the following metabolites is a product of the degradation of ketone bodies (ketolysis) in extrahepatic tissues?
b) acetyl-CоА
48
• Which of the following biological effects are typical for PGE2?
b) 2+3
49
Which of the following statements about the regulation of enzyme activity of 7α-hydroxylase which regulates the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver is false:
a) the catalytic activity of 7α-hydroxylase is regulated by phosphorylation /dephosphorylation, and the active form of the enzyme is dephosphorylated
50
• Which of the following statements about ketone bodies is wrong:
• a) substrate for the synthesis of ketone bodies is acetyl CoA, obtained from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate