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LIPID METABOLISM
  • Ioannis Tsiompanoudis - MF

  • 問題数 50 • 1/11/2025

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Which of the following types of lipids is not a component of the membrane structures:

    triacylglycerols

  • 2

    Which of the following lipids are glycolipids:

    c) 2+4

  • 3

    Which of the following statements about the activation of fatty acids before their inclusion in β- oxidation is wrong:

    c) activation of the fatty acids takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum

  • 4

    Which of the following pairs of vitamins act as coenzymes in the βoxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms:

    • b) biotin and vit. B12

  • 5

    Which of the following shuttle mechanisms is involved in the transfer of activated fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria?

    c) acyl-carnitine

  • 6

    Which of the following metabolites is an allosteric inhibitor of the regulatory enzyme of β- oxidation:

    b)Malonil-CоА

  • 7

    In which of the following organs the synthesis of ketone bodies (ketogenesis) takes place: 

    d) liver

  • 8

    Which of the following hormones stimulates ketogenesis in the periods of fasting:

    c) glucagon

  • 9

    Triacylglycerols from the diet are transported by one of the following transport form. Which is that:

    a) chylomicrons

  • 10

    • Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols located in different lipoprotein complexes (e.g. in chylomicrons, VLDL)

    b)lipoprotein-lipase

  • 11

    Which of the following transport forms of lipids contain the so-called, alpha (α) cholesterol, which usually is determined in clinical laboratory tests of the blood.

    c)high-density lipoproteins (HDL)

  • 12

    • Which of the following statements for the synthesis of saturated fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms (palmitic acid) is false:

    • b) NADH serves as a donor of reducing equivalents

  • 13

    Which of the following enzymes involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms, is a regulatory enzyme of the process:

    a) carnitine acyltransferase I (carnitine:palmitoyltransferase I)

  • 14

    Which of the following statements about the regulation of the activity of the regulatory enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis, acetyl-CoA carboxylase is false:

    a) the activity is regulated by the mechanism of covalent modification (phosphorylation / dephosphorylation), аs the active form is phosphorylated.

  • 15

    Which one of the metabolites of glycolysis occurring in adipocytes, is converted to glycerol-3- phosphate being one of the substrates for the synthesis of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue: 

    d) dihydroxyacetone-phosphate

  • 16

    Which of the following enzymes is regulatory in degradation of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue:

    d) hormone-sensitivelipase

  • 17

    Which of the following statements about the degradation of triacylglycerol's in adipose tissue is false:  

    • a) triacylglycerol's are degraded when the insulin/glucagonratioin the blood is high

  • 18

    Which of the following biological functions of cholesterol is not correct:

    c) cholesterol serves as a precursor for vitamin E synthesis

  • 19

    Which of the following metabolites is obtained in the biosynthesis of ketone bodies, and in the biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver, i.e., appears to be a key metabolite

    b)hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA

  • 20

    • Which of the following cofactors supplies reducing equivalents for the action of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase:

    c)NADPН

  • 21

    Which of the following statements about regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis is true:

    d) cholesterol represses the synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase

  • 22

    Which of the following statements about arachidonic acid is wrong:

    B) arachidonic acid is 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid

  • 23

    Which of the following statements about the physiological functions of eicosanoids is false:

    d) All eicosanoids act as vasoconstrictors

  • 24

    The high concentration of which of the lipid transport forms listed below decreases the risk of developing of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease?

    a) HDL

  • 25

    • Which of the listed subcellular compartments is the place, where the oxidation of fatty acids leading to introduction of double bond is performed:

    a) mitochondria

  • 26

    Eicosatetraenoic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of

    a) 1+2+3

  • 27

    The oxidative phase of the PPP (pentose phosphate pathway) is important for:

    b) 1+3

  • 28

    Which of the following mechanisms, for activating of the biosynthesis of fatty acids from the insulin is incorrect:

    d) insulin with its signaling cascade leads to activation of the enzyme glycerol-3- phosphate acyl transferase, via maintaining of its unphosphorilated form

  • 29

    Which of the following compounds are cholesterol derivatives? 

    d) 1+3+4

  • 30

    Which of the following compounds is a key (a key metabolite) in the synthesis of most glycerolipids?

    c) phosphatidic acid

  • 31

    Which of the enzymes that catalyze reactions in the synthesis of glycerolipids is regulatory?

    b) glycerol-3P-acyltransferase

  • 32

    Which of the following groups of lipids are glycolipids? 

    b) 2+3

  • 33

    Which of the following essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are supplied only from foods of animal origin.

    b) 2+3

  • 34

    On which positions in the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids double bonds may be introduced in man (desaturases function in human cells)?

    b) 4, 5, 6 and 9

  • 35

    Which of the following reactions and processes provide reducing equivalents (NADPH) used in the synthesis of fatty acids?

    c) 2+4

  • 36

    Which of the following compounds is the direct donor of 14 of the 16 carbon atoms in the synthesis of palmitic acid?

    c) malonyl-CоА

  • 37

    Which of the following compounds are not allosteric activators of the main key enzyme in the synthesis of fatty acids, Acetyl CoA carboxylase?

    a) 1+2+3

  • 38

    In which of the following organs the synthesis of ketone bodies (ketogenesis):takes place

    d) liver

  • 39

    Which of the following hormones stimulates ketogenesis in periods of fasting?

    d) glucagon

  • 40

    Which of the following compounds are ketone bodies with metabolic importance for tissues:

    b) 1+3

  • 41

    Which of the following lipoprotein complexes are the main carriers of TAG to peripheral tissues:

    b) 1+2

  • 42

    Which of the following enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of lipoprotein complexes: 

    c) 1+3+4

  • 43

    • Which of the following lipoprotein complexes transport the "bad" cholesterol and raising of their levels is a risk factor for atherosclerosis:

    c) LDL

  • 44

    • Which of the following coenzymes serves as a donor of reducing equivalents in the synthesis of fatty acids in fatty acid synthase complex?

    c) NADPН

  • 45

    How many turns (cycles) of the spiral of β-oxidation occur for oxidation of palmitic acid (Palmitoyl-CoA) to Acetyl-CoA?

    c) 7

  • 46

    In which of the following cell compartments of hepatocytes the ketogenesis occurs?

    b) mitochondria

  • 47

    •Which of the following metabolites is a product of the degradation of ketone bodies (ketolysis) in extrahepatic tissues?

    b) acetyl-CоА

  • 48

    • Which of the following biological effects are typical for PGE2?

    b) 2+3

  • 49

    Which of the following statements about the regulation of enzyme activity of 7α-hydroxylase which regulates the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver is false:

    a) the catalytic activity of 7α-hydroxylase is regulated by phosphorylation /dephosphorylation, and the active form of the enzyme is dephosphorylated

  • 50

    • Which of the following statements about ketone bodies is wrong:  

    • a) substrate for the synthesis of ketone bodies is acetyl CoA, obtained from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate