問題一覧
1
the generation of electrical impuleses requires the presence of an ? membrane, which must contain ion channels
excitable
2
the movement of ions in and out of a neuron as a result of electrical activity
does not significantly affect ion concentration inside or outside the cell
3
which of the following activities would indicisyw that a novel object may be a living organism
it moves away when touched
4
the following are typical phsyiologixal potentials except
electrode potential
5
transport processes can be categorised by each of the following mechanisms except
osmosis
6
all of the following are principal components of cells except
exclusions
7
which of the following distinguishes an axon from a dendrite
excitability
8
which of the following is not a principle characteristic of osmosis
it tends to produce an electrochemical gradient
9
which term describes the regulatory mechanism which results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system that control or adjust the activities of many systems simultaneously
extrinsic regulation
10
the potential difference across the cell membrane sets up a
electrical gradient
11
which of the following is NOT a main speciality of physiology
atomic physiology
12
what is the term of the process by which a nearly stable environment is maintained in the body, so that cellular and metabolic functions can proceed at a maximum efficiency
homeostasis
13
any shift from the resting potential towards o mV is called a
depolarisation
14
which of the following statements about the divisions of the efferent branch of the nervous system is correct
the somatic division carries only voluntary commands; the autonomic division carries only involuntary commands
15
membrane proteins a variety of specialised functions including each of the following except
effectors
16
a feedback loop contains all of the following components except
stimulator
17
if the cell membrane were freely permeable to a particular ion, but impermeable to all other ions, that ion would continue to leave the cell until the electrical gradient was as strong as the chemical gradient - this is called the
equilibrium potential
18
which type of cells employ electrical impulses
neurons and muscles
19
which of the following is not a key function of the plasma membrane in human cells
regulation of gene transfer
20
Physiology is primarily the study of
function
21
the sodium potassium pump
slowly exchanges 2 K ions for 3 Na ions at the expense of energy to maintain normal concentration gradients
22
which of the following functions is dependent on the nervous system
Co ordinated responses to stimuli
23
because the ? concentration of sodium is relatively high, sodium ions tend to move into the cell
extracellular
24
at rest, the cell membrane is much more permeable to potassium that sodium, this generates a potential difference of
-70 mV
25
what is the primary mechanism providing long term control maintaining constant internal conditions and systems
negative feedback
26
opposite charges ? each other
attract
27
when passage across the selectively permeable cell membrane requires energy expenditure, usually in the form of ATP, is known as
active
28
the plasma membrane is a gatekeeper regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell described by the ? model
fluid mosaic
29
a ? is a brief, stereotyped change in membrane potential in the positive direction during excitation of a neuron
action potential
30
which of the following is suitable for long-distance communication within the body
endocrine signals
31
the fluid mosaic model implies
membrane proteins can freely interact with each other
32
which of the following provides the best definition of a state of equilibrium
opposing processes or forces are in balance
33
which of the following demonstrates a positive feedback loop, that is where the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhanced the change in the orginixal conditions rather than opposing it
childbirth
34
which of the following statements about homeostasis is consistent with the idea of a dynamic equilibrium
homeostasis continually adapts and adjusts to changing conditions
35
graded potentials are local changes in membrane potential that
can be depolarising or hyperpolarising
36
the threshold of a neuron is determined by
the voltage gated ion channels in its membrane
37
which of the following is a recognised level of physiological organisation
chemical/molecular level
38
which statement best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology
physiology studies the functions of specified structures within an organism, which are described by anatomy
39
which system provides protection from the environment and takes a part in temperature control
skin (integumentary system)
40
physiological processes include
respiration
41
potassium ions tend to move out of s cell through open potassium channels and create a ?
negative potential difference
42
a membrane through which any substance can pass without difficulty is
freely permeable
43
a positively charged ion is called
cation
44
if your body temperature drops, what type of mechanisms is responsible for returning it to normal
negative feedbacks
45
when there is a diffference between the number of positive and negative charges across a cell membrane this is commonly termed a ? difference
potential
46
which of the following statements about major divisions of the nervous system is correct
the afferent division carries only sensory information; the efferent division carries onlu motor commands
47
the equilibrium potential for sodium is
+60 mV
48
which of the following is a principle ion involved in neural impulse generation?
sodium
49
which of the following systems does not interact with all the others
musculoskeletal
50
which of the following is not a basic mexhxnaism of cell to cell communications?
intercellular
51
how does negative feedback maintain a stable internal environment
it reverses any deviations from a set point
52
at equilibrium potential there is no net flow of ions because
chemical and electrical gradients are in balance
53
communication and integration is essential to maintaining homeostasis, relying on ? signals
chemical and electrical
54
which type of membrane protein is bound to the inner or outer surface of the membrane and is relatively easily speedster from it
peripheral
55
process of diffusion tend to ? a concentrate gradient
eliminate
56
what cannot drive the passive movement of substances across the cell membrane
ATP
57
ion channels permit the movement of ions in and out of the cell and are principally regulated by
voltage or chemicals
58
voltage hates ion channels can be in each of the following states except
open, and incapable of closing
59
membranes generate electrical impuleses through distribution of
ions
60
which of the following is not a principal life process
adaptation