問題一覧
1
Mode of Parasite Transmission
ingestion of contaminated food or drink; hand-to-mouth transfer; insect bite; entry via drilling through the skin; unprotected sexual relations; mouth-to-mouth contact; droplet contamination; eye contact with infected swimming water
2
Cannot live outside the host
obligatory parasite
3
Capable of existing independently of the host
facultative parasite
4
Established inside the host
endoparasite
5
Established outside the host
ectoparasite
6
Host other than a normal one that is harboring a parasite
accidental host
7
Host in which adult sexual phase of parasite development occurs
definitive host
8
Host in which the larval stage of parasite development occurs
intermediate host
9
Hots harboring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which humans may become infected.
reservoir host
10
Host responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to another.
transport host
11
Parasite-harboring host that is not exhibiting any clinical symptoms vut can infect others
carrier
12
"living together"
symbiosis
13
The ass. of two living organisms, each of different species.
symbiosis
14
Species A (benefits) & B (neutral)
commensalism
15
Species A & B (benefits)
mutualism
16
Species A (benefits) & B (harmed)
parasitism
17
Relating to commensalim: the ass. between two different species that is beneficial to one and neutral to the other.
commensal
18
Parasite that has demonstrated the ability to cause disease.
pathogenic
19
Three common components of parasitic life cycle.
mode of transmission; morphologic form; diagnostic stage
20
Morphologic form is also called as?
infective stage
21
Symptoms ass.
diarrhea; fever; chills; abdominal pain; abdominal cramping; elephantiasis; anemia; vitamin deficiency; bowel obstruction; edema; elargement of major organs; skin lesions; blindness
22
Parasite treatment options
antiparasitic medications change in diet vitamin supplements fluid replacement blood transfusion bed rest
23
Parasite prevention and Control Strategies:
development and implementation of parasite awareness education programs; use of insecticides and other chemicals; use of protective clothing; use of protective netting; proper waste treatment; good personal hygiene; proper sanitation practices; proper handling, cooking, and protection of food; avoidance of unprotected sexual relations
24
2 types of diagnosing parasitic infections
clinical diagnosis; laboratory diagnosis
25
Based significantly on lab results
laboratory diagnosis
26
Factors influencing the accuracy and reliability of results:
proper specimen collection and handling; proper processing of specimen; skills of the examiner; quality of the specimen used
27
Most commonly submitted specimen
stool
28
Examined macro and microscopically using what recovery method
O&P recovery method
29
Common for intestinal parasites
fecal
30
Can be utilized for immunological tests
fecal
31
Fecal speciment must be collected in a clean, ___ container maed with ___
wide-mouth; waxed cardboard
32
Purpose: retention of moisture and prevent accidental spillage
plastic or glass with tight-fitting lid
33
Common parasites in CSF specimen:
naegleria; acanthamoeba; toxoplasma; trypanosoma
34
Ass. with poor oral hygiene
mouth and nasal discharge specimen
35
Parasite in nasal discharge
naegleria fowleri
36
Parasites for the infection of oral mucosa and gingival, respectively
E. gingivalis; T. tenax
37
This is placed in an airtight container or swab and examined in ___
mouth and nasal discharge; direct wet mount
38
Stool must be collected prior to any antidirrheic medications (true/false)
true
39
do not expose to air or freeze/incubate (true/false)
true
40
These are best suited to be detected in stool after enemas.
worms, eggs, protozoans
41
Do not accept stool with urine as it kills ___ rapidly
protozoan trophozoite
42
Immediate examination must be observed to avoid disintegration of ___
protozoan trophozoite
43
Formed stool: size in grams
5-7
44
Formed stool is common in:
protozoan cyst
45
Watery/diarrheic stool: size in ml and tbsp.
10; 5-6
46
Water/diarrheic stool is common in:
trophozoite
47
DFA
direct fluorescent antibody
48
EIA
enzyme immunoassay
49
IFA
indirect fluorescent antibody
50
LA
latex agglutination
51
PCR
polymerase chain reaction
52
RIT
rapid immunochromatography technique
53
If the result is negative: __ specimens must be done on interval for no more than __ days on interval
3; 10
54
If at high suspicion: __ specimens must be done on interval for no more than ___ days on interval
6; 14
55
For protozoa: ___ weeks post therapy
3-4
56
For helminthes: ___ weeks after completion of post therapy ___ weeks for Taenia/Taenia saginata
1-2; 5-6
57
Epithelial cells and macrophage is mistakenly seen as:
amoeba trophozoites
58
Pus cells is mistakenly seen as:
amoebic cyst
59
Hairs and fibers is mistakenly seen as:
larvae
60
Plant cells is mistakenly seen as:
cyst
61
Yeast and molds are mistakenly seen as:
amoebic cyst
62
Eggs and arthropods is mistakenly seen as:
parasites
63
Epithelial cells and macrophages has:
bigger nuclei
64
Pus cells has:
distinct cell walls; bigger; perfect circle
65
Hairs and fibers has:
internal structure
66
Plant cells has:
thin cell walls
67
Yeast and molds has:
smoother; no nuclei
68
Eggs of arthroupods and plant nematodes can be distinguished with:
none
69
Transportation of stool: 10% formalin
wet mount
70
Transportation of stool: MIF
wet mount
71
Transportation of stool: PVA
permanent staining
72
All purpose fixative
formalin
73
5% formalin concentration recommended for ___
protozoan cysts
74
Formalin concentration recommended with helimth eggs and larvae
10%
75
The solution of formalin may be buffered with:
sodium phosphate
76
Preserves morphological characteristics of the organisms.
sodium phosphate
77
FECT
formalin ether concentration technique
78
Used to preserve fresh stool
schaudinn's solution
79
PVA
polyvinyl alcohol
80
Serves to adhere a stool sample unto the slide
PVA
81
PVA to stool ratio
3:1
82
Normally incorporated with Schaudinn's solution
PVA
83
Preservation of protozoan cysts and permanent staining for trophozoites
PVA
84
PVA can be concentrated using ___
FECT
85
PVA uses ___ that makes it disadvantageous
mercuric chloride
86
Mercuric chloride can be replaced with ___
cupric sulfate
87
MIF
merthiolate-iodine-formalin
88
Merthiolate is also called as?
thimerosal
89
These acts as staining components
merthiolate; iodine
90
Acts as preservative in MIF
formalin
91
Stain for fecal specimen
MIF
92
Preserved all stages of parasitic
MIF
93
MIF cna be examined through
wet mount
94
The __ should always be freshly prepared since it is unstable.
lugol's iodine
95
Staining of preserved stools in MIF gives unsatisfactory results. (true/false)
true
96
SAF
sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin
97
Do not contain mercuric chloride
SAF
98
Alternative to Shaudinn bcs it has 10% formalin and sodium acetate.
SAF
99
If in formalin we have sodium phosphate, in SAF?
sodium acetate
100
A liquid fixative with a long shelf-life
SAF