問題一覧
1
the learning of a complex subject matter is most effective when it is an intentional process of constructing meaning for information and experience
nature of the learning process
2
what and how much is learned is influenced by the individuals emotional states, beliefs, interest and goals and habits of thinking
motivational and emotional influences
3
learners can develop skills to reflect and regulate their thoughts and behaviors in order to learn more effectively
strategic processing and control
4
learning is influenced by social interactions interpersonal relations and communication with others
social influences on learning
5
acquisition of complex knowledge and skills requires an extended learner effort and guided practice
effects of motivation on effort
6
learning is most effective when differences in learners linguistic cultural and social background are taken into account
learning and diversity
7
as individuals develop there are different opportunities and constraints for learning
developmental influences on learning
8
learners have different strategies approaches and capabilities for learning that are a function of prior experience and heredity
individual differences on learning
9
the learners creativity higher-order thinking and natural curiosity or contribute to motivation to learn
intrinsic motivation to learn
10
higher-order strategies for selecting and monitoring mental operations facilitate creative and critical thinking
thinking about thinking
11
learning happens in the context of a society as well as within an individual
situation or context
12
factors such as intrinsic motivation reasons for wanting to learn personal goals and enjoyment of learning task or have a crucial role in the learning process
motivation and effect
13
learning is a unique journey for each person because each learner has his own unique combination of genetic and environmental factors that influenced him
development and individual differences
14
it involves awareness of the technique you are using to learn a topic and evaluating whether this way is effective
strategy variables
15
learners have different strategies approaches and capabilities for learning that are a function of prior experience and heredity
individual differences in learning
16
it is first important for the learner himself to be aware that he is paying attention and that he is ready to learn
tunein
17
it refers to higher order thinking which involves active awareness and control over the cognitive processes engaged in learning
metacognition
18
it refers to your awareness of memory strategies that work best for you
meta memory
19
they are active goal-directed self regulating and assume personal responsibility for contributing to their own learning
successful learners
20
they believe that children already have the capacity to be more aware and reflective of their own learning
fang and cox
21
it is a metacognitive strategy before listening to a story or presentation
TQLR
22
he believes that thinking about thinking includes the ability to ask and answer some types of question
william huitt
23
this is facilitated and tasks that learners perceived as interesting personally relevant and meaningful appropriate in complexity and difficulty to the learners abilities and on which they believe they can succeed
intrinsic knowledge
24
categories of variable
strategy variables, person variables, task variables
25
divisions of principles
cognitive and metacognitive factors, motivational and affective factors, individual differences factors, developmental and social factors
26
summary of the 14 principles and distilled them into five areas
the knowledge base, strategic processing and control, motivation and effect, development and individual differences, situation or context
27
awareness of specific strategies so that you can keep your attention focus on the topic task at hand
meta attention
28
how one views himself as a learner and thinker
person variables
29
include knowledge about the nature of the task time processing demands that it replaced up on the individuals
task variables
30
he said that the mind is like an iceberg, it floats with 1/7 of its bulk above water
Sigmund Freud
31
he said that the teacher must orient his work not on yesterday's development in the child but on tomorrow's
lev vygostsky
32
he also emphasized the three components that make up one's personality the id, ego and super-ego
Sigmund Freud
33
five psychosexual stages
oral, anal, phallic , latency , genital stage
34
he believed in the impact of significant others in the development of one's view of himself life and of the world
erik erikson
35
eight psychosocial development
trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame and doubt, initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, integrity vs despair
36
said the principal goal of education in the school should be creating men and women who are capable of doing new things not simply repeating what other generations have done
jean piaget
37
history centered on the stages of cognitive development
Lawrence Kohlberg
38
he describe four stages of cognitive development
jean william fritz piaget
39
cognitive development of piaget
sensory motor, pre operational, concrete operational , formal operational
40
he said that "right action tends to be defined in terms of general individual rights and standards that have been critically examined and agreed upon by the whole society"
lawrence kohlberg
41
three levels of moral development
pre conventional, conventional, post conventional
42
influenced by piaget
lawrence kohlberg
43
believes that one cognitive development influence the development of one's moral reasoning
Lawrence Kohlberg
44
he believed that guidance from a more knowledgeable other would lead a learner to a higher level of conformance than if he were alone
lev vygostsky
45
his concept of zone proximal development
lev vygostsky
46
the systematic manner of providing assistance to the learner that helps the learner to effectively acquire a skill
scaffolding
47
ZPD
zone proximal development
48
MKO
more knowledgeable other