_______ is an instrument that magnifies an object. We photograph most cells with a microscope, so we can call these images ________.

synthesize proteins.

develops within the bark and most notably adds layers of protective cork to the bark.

______ is used to attach to a host cell

The sperm fertilizes the egg to produce a _____ Cell division soon follows, creating the _______

The three types of ground tissue:

is a layer of dividing cells between the wood and the bark.

Who, when, what; proposed the binomial nomenclature?

Stems that add length to these organs

_____ _____ acts as an extra layer of protection, helps the cell maintain its shape, and prevents dehydration.

the cell’s genetic material

Tissues can also be classified as : _______ ________are produced by growth from the apical and primary meristems, whereas ______ ________ are produced by growth from the cambia.

growth from apical meristems is known as _______ ________

______ _____ often have thin cell walls are versatile, and function in photosynthesis, storage, healing, etc. _____ ______ have thicker walls, and add support to non-woody stems and leaves. ______ _____ have rigid thicker cell walls. often function in support or protection.

_______ is defined as the emergence of the radicle (first root) from the seed coat

Gymnosperms are non-marine and very few species of mosses and ferns are marine.

Pro: ? Kary: ?

• Photosynthetic, • Has presence of many pigments besides chlorophyll a, • No protective tissue around gametic cells, variation in life cycles

Two types of cells

consisting of a jelly-like cytosol within the cell in which there are other cellular components

The heart-shaped globular stage gives rise to bulges called _____

are regions of cells in the plant body that are functionally and physically connected to one another.

Uses a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light allowing for higher magnification

It exchange genetic material during conjugation wherein one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact.

are meristems at the tips of roots

Also called the fundamental tissue system fills in the spaces in the plant body between the dermal and vascular tissues. • ______ The region between the epidermis and the vascular tissue in the stem and root. • ______: The region in the center of the stem, internal to the vascular tissue (not always present). • ______: Occurs between and around the vascular bundles of the leaf.

Are located within or margins of roots and stems and increase the diameter of these structures. Also called ______ or ______ ______

• Photosynthetic • Vascular tissues are present • Chlorophylls are dominant, marine group has mostly angiosperms.

Is the process by which a plant increases in size (length, height, or girth) through cell division (adding new cells) and cell expansion.

A ______ is a simple, mostly singlecelled (unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.

________ enables the cell to attach to surfaces in its environment

• In the stem, the arrangement of primary vascular tissue varies. • It can be arranged, for example, in a solid cylinder _______. • a hollow cylinder surrounding a central pith ________. • or in separate vascular bundles around a pith _______.

This tissue system covers the outer surface of the plant body. • The primary dermal tissue is the ________, which matures from the protoderm. • The secondary dermal tissue is the _______, which is produced by the cork cambium and makes up part of the bark in woody plants.

is the process by which a cell takes on a specific identity and function in the plant body.

are meristems at the tips of roots and stems that add length to these organs

Growth from Cambia is known as ______ _______

Outer covering that separates the cells’ interior from its surrounding environment

What are the three tissue systems?

used for locomotion

In a typical woody seed plant, what are the two types of lateral meristems that contribute cells to these regions?

A beam of electrons moves back and forth across a cell’s surface, creating details of the cell surface characteristics.

Parts of the embryo: ______: top of embryo which becomes shoot tip - Plumule: first true leaves attached to epicotyl ______: below epicotyl, it becomes the shoot _______: below hypocotyl, it becomes root _______: surrounds and protects epicotyl

• Prokaryotes • Absence of membrane-bound organelles • DNA is not organized into chromosomes

are most siimply defined as mature ovaries (carpels)

The plant is composed of two systems

This tissue system is less often called the fascicular tissue system, it conducts food and water through the plant body. • The two types of vascular tissue are: • ______, the food-conducting tissue, and • ______, the water-conducting tissue.

There are two basic categories of tissues in the plant body: ________ ________ are made up of one type of cell, whereas ______ ________ include more than one type of cell.

The electron beam penetrates the cell and provides details of a cell’s internal structures.

Is the smallest unit of a living thing and the building blocks that make up your body.

A woody stem or root has two major concentric regions know as: