問題一覧
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traditional, presenting information to the students
Teacher-Centered Teaching
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Teacher is still the classroom, while students are more active and collaborative
Learner-Centered Teaching
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Was coined by John Flavell, thinking about thinking, learning how to learn, refers to higher order thinking, active awareness and control, cognitive processes
Metacognition
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deals with mental processes such as memory, learning problem solving attention and decision making
Cognitive
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deals with an individual higher order cognitive processes use to control cognitive
Metacognitive
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Refers to acquired knowledge about cognitive processes knowledge that can be used to control cognitive processes
Metacognitive Knowledge
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Categories of Metacognitive Knowledge
Knowledge of person variables, Knowledge of task variables, Knowledge of strategy variables
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includes how one views himself knowledge about how human beings learn and process information
Knowledge of person variables
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knowledge about the nature of the task, knowing what exactly need to be accomplished
Knowledge of task variables
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involves awareness of the strategy
Knowledge of strategy variables
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terms related to strategy variables
Meta-attention, Meta-memory
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Awareness of specific strategy so that you can keep your attention focused on the topic
Meta-attention
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Awareness of memory strategy that work best for you
Meta-memory
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employ metacognitive strategies in learning, they are more aware about their learning process aw what they read
expert learners
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Internal- under the control of the learner, holistically with learner, organized set of principles
Learner-Centered Psychological Principles
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It is an intentional process
Nature of the learning process
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arises from external factors
Extrinsic motivation
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Emphasize the consciousness of learning it involves intrinsic motivation
Intentional learning
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comes from within, you engage in an activity because you enjoy
Intrinsic motivation
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can create representation of knowledge
Goals of the learning process
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can link information with existing knowledge
Construction of knowledge
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can create and use repertoire of thinking
Strategic thinking
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Higher order strategies
Thinking about thinking
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influence by environmental factors including culture technology.
Context of learning
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stimulated by task of optimal novelty
Intrinsic motivation to learn
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motivation to learn, it influence the beliefs, interest, goals
Motivational and emotional influences on learning
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Willingness to exert this effort unlikely without coercion
Effects motivation on effort
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motivation to learn
motivational and emotional influences on learning
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influences by task on optimal novelty
Intrinsic motivation to learn
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willingness to exert this effort without coercion
Effects of motivation on effort
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differential development
Developmental influences on learning
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influence by social interaction
Social influence on learning
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Learner's have different strategies
Individual differences on learning
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differences in learners are taken account
learning and diversity
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high and challenging standard
Standards and assessment
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pleasure centered
ID
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reality-centered
Ego
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conscience
Super ego
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Freud psychosexual stages
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, Genital Stages