Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action.

They are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights. They constitute a set of rights and duties necessary for the protection of human dignity, inherent to all human beings.

It is someone’s right to keep his personal matters and relationships secret. It is the ability of an individual to seclude him from disturbance of any research activity.

It is the use or production of copyright-protected material without permission of the copyright holder. Copyright infringement means that the rights accorded to the copyright holder, such as the exclusive use of a work for a set period of time, are breached by a third party

Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and the work of peers. Keep good records of research activities.

It is the protection of people’s identity through not disclosing their name or not exposing their identity. It is a situation in data gathering activities in which informant’s name is not given nor known.

This is required to secure in order protect the rights of the participants in your study. Inform your participants about the criteria set for choosing them as informants and the schedule of one-on-one interview at the convenient time they are available. Participation to the study will be completely voluntary.

The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results

When conducting a research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and anonymity.

Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.

Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions.

Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study.

Honour patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use published or unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Never plagiarize, fabricate and falsify.

Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole.

Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies.

II. The Seven Steps of the Research Process

Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.

Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.

Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures.

refers to the act of using another person’s ideas, works, processes, and results without giving due credit. It should not be tolerated as the unauthorized use of original works, a violation of intellectual property rights.

Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.

Research is based on valid procedures and principles.

Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity.

Strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy.

People must not be coerced into participating in research process. Essentially, this means that prospective research participants must be informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their consent to participate.

Share data, results, ideas, tools and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.

Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.

It report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the data.

Respect your colleagues’ opinion, treat them fairly and do not outsmart others.

Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.

Avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research.

It protects creations of the mind, which have both a moral and a commercial value.