問題一覧
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done by using chemicals to a small sample of inks removed from the document through Thin Layer Chromatography
EXAMINATION OF INKS(INK ANALYSIS)
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This technique involves shining various types of light at different angles onto the surface of the document in order to reveal any indentations
FORENSIC LIGHTING
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Certain chemicals can be used to react with the residue left by the erased writing, causing it to become visible again.
CHEMICAL REAGENTS
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This technique involves applying a static charge to the surface of the document
ELECTROSTATIC DETECTION
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This made possible to see tiny traces of the original writing that were missed during the erasure process.
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
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With the help of advanced software this can enhanced to reveal any faint traces of the original writing that may be present.
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
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Used to dissolve or remove the overlying material without damaging the underlying writing.
CHEMICAL REGENTS
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This used to reveal the underlying text without removing the overlying material.
IMAGING TECHNIQUES
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Used to repair or reconstruct the damaged document.
PHYSICAL RESTORATION
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The examination of bilss bills and coins
EXAMINATION OF COUNTERFEIT CURRENCY
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Study of stamps l, including their design, production and use as well as their historical significance.
EXAMINATION OF STAMPS(PHILATELY)
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It is the EXAMINATION OF SEALS including their design and use.
SIGILLOGRAPHY
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Properties or characteristics, observed or measured.
ANALYSIS (RECOGNITION)
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Properties or characteristics of the unknown determined thought analysis are now compared with the familiar or recorded properties of known items
COMPARISON
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Similarities and disimilarities in properties will each have a certain value for identification. This weight or significance of each must therefore be considered
EVALUATION
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An instrument for visual enlargement purposes.
MAGNIFYING LENSE
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A pictorial image formed by casting shadow, usually of the hands, upon a righful surface or screen.
SHADOWGRAPH
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A tri-dimensional 3D enlarger
STEREOSCOPIC BINOCULAR MICROSCOPE
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Those used for signatures and typewriting
MEASURES AND TEST PLEATES (TRANSPARENT GLASS)
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Used for controlled illumination, needed in sidelight examination where in place at a low-ange in a position oblique to plane or document
TABLE LAMP WITH ADJUSTABLE SHADES(GOOSE NECK LAMPS)
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A device where light comes from beneath or behind glass on document is placed.
TRANSMITTED LIGHT GADGET
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Usually used in detection of counterfeited bills but can actually be used to detect security features of qualified documents.
ULTRA VIOLET LAMP
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Primarily used to decipher writings in charred document.
INFRARED VIEWER
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This is similar to that of the bullet comparison microscope
COMPARISON MICROSCOPE
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Any examination or study which is made with the microscope in order to discover minute physical details
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
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Documents subjected to this type of examination to determine the presence of erasures, matching of serrations and some other types alterations
TRANSMITTED LIGHT EXAMINATION
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Decipherment of faded handwriting, determination of outlines in traced forgery, embossed impressions, etc are subjected to this type of examination.
OBLIQUE LIGHT EXAMINATION
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This type of examination is very essentual in every document examination. Actual observations are recorded in the photographs
PHOTOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
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This examination used the ultraviolet radiation is invisible and occurs in the wave lengths just below the visible blue-violet end of the spectrum.
ULTRA-VIOLET EXAMINATION
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This examination of documents employs invisible radiation beyond the red portion of the visible spectrum (rainbow) which is usually recorded on a specially sensitized photographic emulsion.
INFRARED EXAMINATION
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It is the result of a very complicated series of acts, being used as whole, combination of certam forms of visible mental and muscolar habits acquired by tong, continued painstaking effort.
HANDWRITING
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connected, writing in which one letter is connected to the next.
CURSIVE
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It separated or printed type of handwriting
SCRIPT
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Kind of handwriting which is all capital letters
BLOCK/PRINTED
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Wignore's Principle of Judicial proof, handwriting is defined as?
*VISIBLE EFFECT OF BODILY MOVEMENT *UNCONSCIOUS EXPRESSION OF FIXED MUSCULAR HABITS *FIXED MENTAL IMPRESSION OF CERTAIN IDEAS
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These effects our muscular habits, making writing and automatic succession of acts stimulated by habits.
ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION OCCUPATION
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BASIS OF HANDWRITING IDENTIFICATION
1. IMITATION OF HANDWRITING IS DIFFICULT -other person cannot by mere will power reproduce in himself all the muscular combination from the babit of the firstwriter. 2. THE PEN IS THE EXTENSION OF THE HAND- The fingers transmit to the paper, the directive impulse and the variation on omancular tension that according to the rature of the writer's nervous organization occur during the act of writing. 3. Cortical Center (Exner's Area) -This center near the motor area of the cortex is responsible for the finger movement revolved in handwriting If this cortex is affected by disease or illness, our ability to write.
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This center near the motor area of the cortex is responsible for the finger movement.
CORTICAL CENTER (EXNER'S AREA) - RIGHT HEMISPHERE
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The threee groups involve in Handwriting
EXTENSOR MUSCLES FLEXOR MUSCLES LUMBRICAL MUSCLES
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The muscle that push up the pen to form the upward stroke
EXTENSOR MUSCLES
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The muscle that push the pen to form the downward stroke
FLEXOR MUSCLES
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The muscle that push the pen to form lateral stoke
LUMBRICAL STROKE
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How does children learn writing?
by following a SCHOOL COPY/MODEL
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After acquiring some degree of skill the children no longer follow the school model he/she now developed?
PERSONAL WRITING
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When speed increases conscious design and regularity begin to break down its called?
REGULARITIES OF WRITING
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This begins as soon as writing begins and continues until each writer in the way that seems best and easiest for him.
VARIATION OF WRITING
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What are the movement in handwriting:
FINGER MOVEMENT HAND MOVEMENT FOREARM MOVEMENT WHOLE FOREARM MOVEMENT
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The thumb, the first, the second and slightly the third fingers are in actual motion.Most usually employed by children and illiterates
FINGER MOVEMENT
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produced by the movement or action of the whole hand with the wrist as the center of attraction
HAND MOVEMENT
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The movement of the shoulder, hand and arm with the support of the table
FOREARM MOVEMENT
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action of the entire arm without resting ex.BLACKBOARD WRITING
WHOLE FOREARM MOVEMENT
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a succession of connected, uniform strokes working in full coordination.
RHYTHM
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Characterized by a succesion of awkward independent, poorly directed and disconnected motions
LACK OF RHYTHM
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The writer normally and spontaneously or write without hesitation.
IMPORTANCE OF RHYTHM
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Letters are formed by joining of the upward and downward or horizontal strokes
LETTER OF CONNECTIONS
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rounded stroke shaped or curve line above like an arch
ARCADE
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Links the downward stroke to the upstrokes with a flowing curve swinging from left to right.
GARLAND
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An abrupt stop and start in each tantung point
ANGULAR
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the joining of downward and upward strokes in slurred to a threadlike tracing of where rounded turns ased at both top and bottom produce a double curve
THREADLIKE
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a series of lines or curves written in a single letter, one of the lines of an alphabet or series of lines or curves within a single letter, the path traced by the pen on the paper.
STROKE
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The movement of the pen as it is raised from the paper and continues in the same direction in the air.
AIRSTROKE