Adhere firmly to the cell wall and some are even covalently link to the petidoglycan

Serves as a permeability barrier

Can be lost from the cell surface

All bacteria have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan except

Has small amounts of peptidoglycan in the cell wall

Prevent passage of leakage of solutes into and out of the cell

Flagella is dispersed over the surface of the cell.

Example of Gram-negative bacteria

Two flagellum each protruding from either ends of the cell.

Causative agent of Lyme disease

Has thicker and multilayer peptidoglycan layer

Long, thin, helical structure composed of protein flagellin.

Common features of slime layer and capsule

Rigid layer is a polysaccharide composed of 2 sugar derivatives

RNA and protein in 50s and 30s subunits

Non essential components of bacteria

Rigid tubular structure made of pilin proteins.

All bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide except

Small bunches of flagella emerging from one end

8-membered cocci formation of bacteria

Its cell wall mostly consists of outer membrane called lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

A variety of cell wall types are found in Archaea including those that contain

Has lipopolysaccharide and periplasmic space in its layer

The enzyme periplasm contains

Most common cause of Urinary tract infection

Flagella can rotate

Basically facilitates genetic exchange.

Arrangement of bacteria in pairs is also known as

Filament of flagella is made up of protein

Arrangement of bacteria is chains is also known as

Facilitate passage of small, hydrophilic molecules into the cell.

Gram staining Mnemonics

Petidoglycan is made up of

Function in adhesion to other cells and surfaces

Light stimulus

Essential components of bacteria

Has thinner peptidoglycan layer

Spore is formed by

Site of oxidative and ETC enzymes

Two types of glycocalyx

The membrane structure of archaea may be

Extends from the cell surfaces, enabling cells to stick to surfaces and form pellicles (liquid) and biofilms (solid).

Major function is for protein synthesis

Highly organized and tightly attached

Loosely organized and attached

Organisms that grow best at temperatures above ↑ 80 °C

Formed by gram-positive rods, only found in Bacillus and Clostridium spp

Single flagellum at one end

Participates in cell division and secretion

The backbone of pseudomurein is formed from the alternating repeats of

The membrane is an anchor for many proteins some of this are enzymes that function in the energy conservation and transport of solutes into and out of the cell

Functions to join bacterial cells for partial DNA transfer called conjugation.

Responsible for the motility of the cell, and guide the direction of the bacteria in response to a stimulus

Are extremely resistant (R) to heat. Therefore, widely distributed among hyperthermophilic archaea

Parts of the flagella:

Contains many hydrolytic enzyme beta lactamases

Flagellar arrangements

Cell wall of some archaea lacks pseudomurein and instead contain other polysaccharides like in cases of methanosarcina sp. they contain

Mediates adherences to surfaces that acts as biofilms

Space between plasma membrane and outer membrane

Lipoprotein bilayer without sterols

Partial DNA transfer

Arrangement of bacteria in cluster is also known as

Found only in gram-negative cells

Are absent from the cell walls of Archaea.

Stacks of rings firmly anchored in cell wall.

Curved sheath

Arrangement of bacteria in single is also known as

Prevent passage of leakage of solutes into and out of the cell

All gram positive bacteria have NO ENDOTOXIN EXCEPT FOR

Rigid layer is also composed of a few amino acids

Has teichoic acid in its layer

Outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria contains

Many prokaryotes become motile via swimming through

Invagination of plasma membrane

Has several sheets of peptidoglycan stacked from one another

Chemical stimulus

Spore can only be found among

Fine, proteinaceous, hairlike bristles emerging from the cell surface.

Major site for energy conservation in the prokaryotic cell via the proton motive force

In the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria → channels allow the entry of essential substances such as

Does not contain outer membrane

Comparison of the Cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, eukarya, and archeae