device forming a complete lighting unit, which comprises of a light source and electric operating devices. complete lighting units consisting of a lamp or lamps together

direct 90 to 100 % of their output downward and 0 to 10% upward.

semi-direct units is predominantly downward (60 to 90%) but with a small upward component (10 to 40%) to illuminate the ceiling and upper walls.

downward and upward components of light from surface mounted and suspended luminaires are about equal ( each 40 to 60% of total luminaire output).

lighting system which emit 60 to 90% of their output upward.

they are those which direct 90 to 100% of the light upward to the ceiling and upper sidewalls.

luminaire in which basic type insulation is provided for protection against electric shock

this class are electrically insulated and provided with a connection to earth.

this are designed and constructed so that protection against electric shock does not rely on basic insulation only.

protection against electric shock relies on supply at Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) and in which voltages higher than of SELV are not generated (max. 50 V ac rms)

lighting system which provide an approximately uniform level of illumination on the work plane over the entire area.

consists of a functional arrangement of luminaires with respect to the visual task or work areas (aka task lighting).

provides lighting only over a relatively small area occupied by the task and its immediate surround.

This is widely used for determining the average horizontal illuminance of a space. This method is based on the definition of illumination.

When a lighting system is turned on (energized), light power (flux) fills the space.

The existing ambient lighting conditions around the building and adjacent sites should be studied to understand what visual competition is presented to the development of a lighting design.

Key views to the building and site should be examined to determine the impact of lighting strategy.

It is important to keep in mind the possible impact of a lighting system neighboring properties.

Exterior building lighting equipment may have integrated into new or existing construction.

Some regions and locales have ordinances in force that limit the extent of exterior lighting for anything beyond safety and security.

designer must establish budget guidelines with the client or owner before proceeding so that the time is not wasted studying unaffordable concepts.

not normally intended to illuminate the driving route (headlights are preferred)

are broad-beamed, high-intensity artificial lights often used to illuminate outdoor playing fields while an outdoor sports event is conditions.

positioned at the intersection of two roads to aid in navigation.

can be used along roadways in urban areas, or behind homes or commercial facilities. These are extremely bright lights used to deter crime.

made to be used under water and illuminate ponds, swimming pools, hot tubs and fountains.

create an artistic flare in the landscape and are used to attract attention to something in particular, such as a tree or yard ornament.

These are roads reserved for motor traffic which are accessible only from interchanges and with no crossings at grade.

roads which are part of a roadway system that serves as the principal network for through traffic flows.

distribution and collector roadways servicing traffic between major and minor roadways.

roads include subdivision roads and local roadway that are used primarily as an access road to residential areas, commercial buildings and industrial plants and where there is minimal through traffic most of the time.

provincial road which serve as the principal network for through traffic in the rural areas.

shall operate within the range of voltage- current characteristic parameters that are compatible with each other.

Equipment shall be grounded in accordance with the latest edition of the PEC, including the installation of equipment-grounding conductor.

roadway lighting shall be designed so that the farthest luminaire in the branch circuit shall still operate within the tolerable voltage supply level.

Roadway lighting system shall be provided with the means of controlling lighting facilities efficiently.

Adequate illumination intensity and uniform brightness of area covered.

shall be based on the geometry, character of the roadway, physical features, environment, maintenance policy, economics, aesthetics, and overall lighting objectives.

distribution pole that is usually used in conjunction with roadway lighting by distribution utilities shall be concrete, wood, aluminum or steel poles.

Independent lighting poles shall have a minimum thickness of 4.5 mm and shall be hot- dipped galvanized in accordance with material and finish.

Pole shall be designed to adequately bear the additional load imposed by the lighting equipment/facilities on the distribution poles.

shall have a length that is coordinated with the proper photometric distribution.

shall be designed to adequately support the luminaire and pole structure as well as resist wind blows and vibrations inherent in the area where the poles are going to be located.

It shall be the perpendicular distance from the center of the lamp to the ground surface.

It is defined as the horizontal distance between pole supporting the luminaires

all luminaires are located on one side of the road, it shall be used when the road width is less than or equal to the mounting height.

luminaires are placed alternately on each side of the road in a “zig-zag” or staggered fashion

luminaires are placed directly opposite and facing each other along the road

luminaires are mounted on a T-shaped like masts in the middle of the center island of the road

It is defined as the projected horizontal distance from the luminaire to the road curb.

used to define any test data which describe the characteristics of a luminaire's light output.

used as a design check to ensure lighting performance.

refers to the choice of electrical systems, including planning and detailing of requirements for protection, control, monitoring, coordination and interlocking of electrical systems among others.