course-grain materials have a grain structure that requires the use of transducers with high penetrating power. which frequency, 2.25MHz or 5MHz, would have the best penetrating power and why?

the levels of certification covered by the CGSB standard on NDT personnel certification are:

with shear wave sound propagation, the atomic particles in the test object move _______ to the direction of the sound wave.

which of the following sound wave modes travels fastest in aluminum?

wave movement through the material causes compression/decompression zones of atomic particles in the path of ______ wave modes.

what is the smallest discontinuity detectable for a 2.25MHz longitudinal transducer producing a 1.40mm wavelength in a gold bar?

which of the following would not be considered an advantage of ultrasonic testing?

lamb waves have an infinite number of modes that the wave may attain, dependent on the following factor:

the most common and basic of NDT methods, where examiners simply look at the part surface, with the aid of mirrors and cameras, is called:

non-destructive testing is a descriptive term used for the examination of materials and components in such a way that:

what are the main causes of attenuation in a material

waves used in ultrasonic testing of materials are ______ in nature.

the distance at which sound travels in a material, divided by the time it took to travel that distance is called:

compared to water, the acoustic impedance of steel is:

the distance from a given point on an ultrasonic wave to the next corresponding point is referred to as:

in the early 20th century, scientists used high frequency sound for the inspection of castings. This ______ technique at first depended on the reaction of a cup of mercury on the far side of the test material.

the ultrasonic range is described as sound waves with higher frequencies than humans can hear. this range starts at:

there are two important regions that make up the sound beam, they are:

at the second critical angle, there is ________ refracted wave remaining in the test object.

the maximum pressure intensity of a sound beam is

the bending of a sound wave upon entering a new medium is explained by:

When testing a 30mm diameter, 500mm long shaft from the flat end of the shaft using longitudinal waves from a 20mm diameter, 2MHz transducer, numerous signals are seen on the screen after 500mm. These are:

at a solid to free boundary (air), an obliquely incident longitudinal wave from a solid can result in, at most:

at the first critical angle, there is ______ refracted wave remaining in the test object.

the principle that suggests that sound is not a point source, but an infinite number of point sources is known as:

the ________ is the depth of material immediately beneath the crystal surface from which no echos can be displayed.

to decrease the beam divergence angle of a transducer in steel, the _________.

the process by which a sound wave of a given mode of propagation is caused to generate other wave modes of propagation by refraction or reflection is called:

in contact testing, at an incident angle 10% beyond the second critical angle, these waves can be produced:

reference or calibration standards are used in ultrasonic testing to:

how do you identify a 4140 steel, distance-amplitude block that is 5.75” long with a 0.75” long x 1/8” diameter FBH?

a 5-point DAC curve is built using a set of 2mm distance-amplitude reference blocks. During testing, a response from a discontinuity peaks below the DAC curve. which of the following is correct?

reference blocks that use the same metal path, but different diameter flat bottom hole are referred to as:

depth resolution has a significance when it is important to identify and quantify reflectors close together at or near boundary surfaces. The ASTM 317 resolution block is designed to:

a 4 step wedge block can be used to establish

reference blocks that use the same diameter FBH, but different metal path distance, are referred to as:

how do you identify a 6160 aluminum, distance amplitude block that is 25mm long, including a 19mm long x 2mm diameter FBH.

a 5-point DAC curve is built using a set of 2.5mm distance-amplitude reference blocks. Which of the following can be assumed?

the international institute of welding (IIW) reference block is capable of:

the IOW beam profile reference block is used for:

what calibrations are required when performing automated corrosion inspection of in-service propane bullets?

what performance check is completed to confirm linearity of the gain control over the entire vertical scale of the display screen?

horizontal beam profile measures the spreading of the ultrasonic beam in the horizontal direction. which sound pressure percentage can be used to make this measurement?

the internet institute of welding (IIW) reference block is capable of:

________ are mechanically guided or mounted ultrasonic systems that are motor driven and use an encoder to record position as the system travels.

which block is capable for confirming near and far surface resolution of the ultrasonic system?

what is the most accurate sequence for building a DAC curve for angle beam testing?

a term less often used, but inherently more correct than “calibration” is:

a 5 step wedge block can be used to establish _______ for an ultrasonic straight beam examination.

contact testing is divided into four applications that are determined by the sound wave mode. these applications are:

a transducer has a near field in water of 35mm, when used in contact steel the near field will be about:

__________ are used extensively for high-speed inspection of thin-wall tubing and plates.

_______ are used extensively for high-speed inspection of thin wall tubing and plates.

the _______ technique uses two piezoelectric elements, one that transmits ultrasound and one that receives it.

which ultrasonic technique uses a column of flowing water and directed perpendicular to the test surface to produce longitudinal waves?

waves created by high-angle longitudinal waves propagating just under the entry surface are:

to detect planar discontinuities with a straight beam transducer, the planar discontinuity should be orientated _______ to the sound wave.

which waves travel near the surface, within one wavelength, of a solid material and exhibits a completely different wave motion than that of a longitudinal or shear waves

which of the following techniques is best to detect discontinuities perpendicular to the test surface?

_______ can be used to focus the sound beam in at a desired angle or depth in the test object.

a reflector plate is used in the testing of _______ to aid in sending the sound through the material twice in an attempt to double the sensitivity to delamination and disbanded regions.

when the surface of an air-filled crack within a steel plate is smooth and under compressive force, part of the sound beam will pass through the interface, leaving the discontinuity undetected. These types of discontinuities are referred to as:

thin gauged materials are usually tested with longitudinal wave transducer configurations, including:

ultrasonic testing of materials at high temperatures involves the use of:

which of the following welds is not recommended to be examined with ultrasonic angle beam testing?

A standard groove weld should be scanned a minimum of ____ directions when applying ultrasonic angle beam testing

the ________ permits slabs and billets to be reduced into plates, and if the process is continued, the plate can be made into sheets.

as the transducer is moved back and forth from the weld, it should be ______ and _______.

the approximate overlap of an ultrasonic transducer moving back and forth during ultrasonic angle beam testing should be:

small diameter round bar stock is ultrasonically inspected the best using the:

scanning speed is dictated by the referencing code section. most standards recommend a maximum scanning speed of:

prior to angle beam testing the base material should be straight beam tested to detect ______ that could limit the ability of the angle beam test to achieve full coverage of the weld area.

what conditions cause a casting to be difficult to examine using ultrasonic testing?

what do the ‘X’ and ‘Y’ reference points represent in ultrasonic weld testing?

which welding process does not contain slag inclusion?

which type of discontinuity could be detected using ultrasonic angle beam testing?

______ removed shrinkage discontinuities (pipe) near the top of the ingot casting.

Which statement below best describes a suitable minimum scanning distance for angle beam testing?

what product is produced by using a bullet shaped mandrel that pierces a hole in the stock as the rollers advance the material with a helical motion

Ultrasonic angle beam, testing of tube or pipe should be completed in a minimum of ______ directions for complete examination coverage

composite discontinuities are generally located

________ are small shrink cracks that can occur in the weld puddle at the end of that has not been fully filled. They are not generally detected with the ultrasonic testing method.

Laminations can occur when an inherent discontinuity is flattened during the rolling process. Laminations Can be detected with the ultrasonic _______ technique.

the ______ presentation produces a two-dimensional display of the cross-sectional plane (side) view through the test object.

damping material, housed in the transducer, is designed to _______.

the cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube that contains _________.

the measure of the capability of the ultrasonic system to separate multiple reflectors that are close together, or close to the entry or back surface is called _________.

the range control, on the ultrasonic testing instrument can

_______ is used to compensate for a drop in the amplitude of signals reflected by a discontinuity deep within a test object

which of the following is a non-contact transducer that is used in the ultrasonic testing method?

which of the following is not considered a necessary requirement when selecting a couplant?

the ultrasonic device delivers a digital readout of the thickness value and recent advancements include an A-scan presentation:

the _______ is the characteristic of a Crystal to generate electrical charges when subjected to mechanical vibrations, and conversely to generate mechanical vibrations when subjected to electrical pulses.

‘X-Cut’ crystals expand and contract through the thickness of the slice (vertical). due to the direction of this vibration, ______ waves are created.

a narrowband transducer has which of the following characteristics?

the ability of a transducer to detect echoes from small discontinuities is called ________.

a discontinuity signal is maximized on the display screen at 20% FSH. calculate the dB needed to increase the signal to 100% FSH

the component used between the crystal and the test surface that transmits sound into the test object is called:

in the ultrasonic flaw detector, the sweep circuit ________.

_______ are the frequencies at multiples above the fundamental resonance frequency