問題一覧
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is the study of how our minds work and why we behave the way we do
psychology
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The psychology of tourism
motivation for travel,travel as a means to satisfy a need and want,relationship of needs,wants,motives
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motivation of travel (11)
escape,relief of tension,sunlust,physical health,family togetherness,interpersonal relations,roots or ethnic,maintining social contacts,status and prestige,self discovery
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4 class of basic travel motivators
physical motivators ,cultural motivators,interpersonal motivators,status and prestige motivators
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the key to understand tourist motivation is to view vacation travel as a vehicle to satisfy one’s needs and wants
travel as a means to satisfy a need and want
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include physical health
physical motivators
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desire to know about other countries
cultural motivators
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desire to meet other people
interpersonal motivators
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concern ego need and personal development
status and prestige motivators
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explains the push and pull forces in human motivation
push/pull model
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was a psychologist who studies positive human qualities and the libes of exemplary people
abraham harold maslow
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maslow created the hierarchy of human needs
1954
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expressed his theories in his book
motivation and personality
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a person’s motivation to reach his or her full potential
self actualization
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maslow’s hierarchy of needs
self actualization, self esteem,love/begging,safety,physiological
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maslow’s motivations
relaxation,safety,love and affection,achievement status
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tourist motivations
the need for escape or change travel for health sports social contact status and prestige travel for education personal values cultural experiences shopping and bargain haunting professional and business motives search for natural beauty
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believed that individuals differ in the amount of psychological tension they can handle
effect of consistency and complexity on leisure travel
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classifications of travelers based on personality
pyschocentric allocentric midcentric
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they are self centered people
pyschocentric
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they are highly curious and more adventurous
allocentric
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they obtain to break in routine
midcentric
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classifications of travelers based on purpose of travel (2)
business travelers pleasure/personal travelers
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types of business travelers
regular business travelers business travelers attending meetings,conventions,congresses incentive travelers
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conducted to find out the characteristics of regular business travelers
regular business travelers
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are for the purpose of attending meetings,conventions and congresses
business travelers attending meetings,conventions,congresses
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is a special type of business travel
incentive travelers
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this group consists of people traveling for vacation or pleasure
pleasure/personal travelers
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categories in pleasure/personal travelers
resort travelers family pleasure travelers the elderly singles and couples
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are better educated, have higher household incomes
resort travelers
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are many people who are fifty years of age
the elderly
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consist of singles and couples
singles and couples
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3 groups of family pleasure travelers
junior families mildrange families mature families
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with parents age 20-40 haviing preschool
junior families
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with parents aged 35-44 with grade high school children
mildrange families
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with parents aged 45 over with children who are of highschool age and older
mature families
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travel contraints
lack of money lack of time lack of safety and security physical disability family commitments lack of interest in travel fears
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is the major travel contraints less money means less travel
lack of money
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lack of available time is another inhibiting factor to tourist travel
lack of time
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lack of security in public places,hotels and travel centers
lack of safety and security
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in the form of bad health or physical handicap may keep people at home
physical disability
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inhibit travel, parent with young children
family commitments
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due to a preference to simply stay at home
lack of interest in travel
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some people do not want to trabel because of fears of travel
fears
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the social effects of tourism
social relation between people who would not normally meet the confrontation of different cultures,ethnic groups,lifestyles,languages,level of prosperity and likes the behavior of people released from many of the social and economic constrains of everyday life the behavior of the host population which has to reconcile economic gain and benefits with the costs of living with strangers
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socio economic variables and their effect on travel
age income and social status education life stages of the family
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younger people tend to select more active recreational activities
age
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rich persons, as well as persons with higher social status
income and social status
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educated members of the population have a greater desire to travel
education
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lthe presence of children in the family limits travel
life stages of the family
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the rise of the new trabel pattern
travel clubs,airline group and arrangement,special interest tours
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a club member enjoys travel opportunities and vacation destination facilities
travel clubs
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another development in group travel is the introduction of different types of tour fares promoted by airlines
airline group and arrangement
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special interest group travel is becoming more popular at present
special interest tours
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preferences of the international tourist
relaxation versus activity,familiarity versus novelty,dependence versus autonomy,order versus disorder
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types of tourist roles
institutionalized tourist roles and non institutionalized tourist roles
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they are dealth withon a routine such as travel agencies and hotel chains
institutionalized tourist roles
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because they are loosely attached to the tourist establishment
non institutionalized tourist roles
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types of institutionalized tourist roles
the organized mass tourist and the individual mass tourist
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types of non institutionalized tourist roles
the explorer and the drifter
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what is culture
set of beliefs,values,attitudes,habits and form of behavior
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lack of understanding and inability to communicate with the host culture
culture shock
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are also changed by external forces
culture pattern
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includes all aspects of travel in which people learn about each other’s way of life
cultural tourism
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former president of the canadian travel research association
louis d’ amore
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cultural factors with tourist appeal
art,music and dance,handicraft,industry and business,agriculture,education,literature and language,science,government,religion,food and drink,history
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it includes performing arts and fine arts
art
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types of art
performing arts and fine arts
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is a major source of enjoyment
music
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is one of the most characteristics of a country culture
dance
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handicraft samples
gifts and souvenirs
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gifts and souvenirs for sale should be made in the country where the purhcase is made to satisfy tourist
handicraft
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tourist promotional agencies,chambers or commerce,resort,hotels and restaurants
industry
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the best examples are shopping centers and stores
business
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a big segment of tourist
agriculture
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agricultures samples
fresh fruits,vegetables,crops and poultry
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residents of one country are frequently curious about the educational system of another
education
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education samples
campuses of colleges and universities
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travel motivation is heavily influenced by a country’s literary achievements
literature and language
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literature and language samples
books,periodicals,newspapers,booklets,pamphlets
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tourist are curious about a country’s scientific activities
science
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science samples
museums,zoos,aquariums,planetariums
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the government systems og different country’s differ
government
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government samples
political science,governance
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another reason for travel is religious pilgrimage
religion
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religion pilgrimage samples
st peters in rome,st pauls cathedral in london,jerusalem in israel,lourdes in france ,vatican in rome
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a vital role in a country’s culture
food and drink
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food and drink samples
cuisines,local foods
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a country’s historical resources demonstrate its cultural legacy
history
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historical attractions
points of interest,entry fees,hours operations,special events