method used to visualize and map out the steps involved in business processes

provides a clear understanding on how tasks are performed within an organization

serves as a foundation for identifying inefficiencies and potential improvements in business process

redesigning business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in performance

rethinking the entire process from the ground up

use of technology to automate repetitive, manual tasks within a business process

improve process efficiency, reduce human error and allows employees to focus on more strategic activities

shared values, beliefs, norms and practices that define an organization's identity and shape it's behavior

collaborative, family-like

innovative, dynamic

competitive, result-driven

bureaucratic, structured

innovative, knowledge-sharing

subset of organizational culture focusing on the cultural aspects specific to for-profit businesses

encompasses the values, norms and practices that define the company's identity and guide it's bahavior

robust code of conduct, paired with mandatory training on ethical behavior and decision making

provides employees with clear guidelines on how to handle complex situations

establishing these encourages employees to voice concerns about unethical practices with fear of retaliation

regular audits and reviews of organizational processes

help ensure that the company meets legal and regulatory standards

central repository where businesses store and manage vast amounts of data from various sources for the purpose of analysis and reporting

acts as a single source of truth

allows businesses to gain valuable insights into their operations, customer behavior and market trends

Primary Purpose:support BI(business intelligence) activitiea

blueprint that outlines the structure and components of a data warehouse system

defines how data flows from various sources

consists of several key layers

fundamental process in data warehousing

bridge between operational systems and the data warehouse

provides valuable information for analysis and decision-making

these sources can be broadly categorized as internal and external sources

within the organization and typically represent operational data

outside the organization and offer valuable insights into market trends, etc.

combining data from multiple sources to as single unified view

tackles the challenge of managing data scattered across various systems, formats and locations

6 Techniques of Data Integration

traditional and widely-used data integration approach

batch processing

data consolidation historical analysis and BI applications

loading data into target system before transforming it

leverages the processing power of the target system(large datasets)

for big data scenarios

creates unified data layer that presents a single view of data from multiple sources

users can access and manipulate data as if it were stored in a single location(simplify DI and reduce redundancy)

ideal for real-time data access(users to query and analyze data on demand)

allows users to query and analyze data from multiple sources as if in a single database

relies on metadata and data virtualization techniques

useful for large volumes of data or when real-time access to data is required

transferring data from a central repository to different data marts

bridge between different systems facilitating seamless data exchange and communication

2 Examples of Data Propagation

4 Examples of Middleware Integration

4 Data Security in Data Warehouses

use execution plans to identify slow running queries and analyze their performance

st9re the results of frequently executed queries to avoid redundant calculations

cache frequently accessed tables/data sets in memory to speed up access times

ensures data in the data warehouse is correct, complete and consistent (if not, reports are unreliable)

2 Techniques Used To Maintain High Data Quality