- Is defined as a mental idea of a particular phenomenon

- It is a set of interrelated concepts that symbolically represents and conveys a mental image of a phenomenon.

. - Are set of interrelated concepts that gives a systematic view of phenomenon that is explanatory and predictive in nature

- Refers to a body of knowledge that describes and explains nursing. It is an organized framework of concepts and purpose designed to guide and support nursing practice.

- Is a fundamental truth that is accepted which can be used as a basis for reasoning and conduct

- A specific to academia and refers to a branch of education, a department of learning, or a domain of knowledge.

- Refers to a specialized field of practice, founded on the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of that discipline and accompanying practice abilities

- Refers to a domain of knowledge concerning with the adaptation of individuals, groups, individuals to actual and potential health problems.

- Explains linkages of Science, Philosophy, and Theory that is accepted and applied by the discipline.

- Contributes to the nursing nursing knowledge. Gives direction for the discipline that leads to theoretical understanding.

- These are concepts and their relationship that specify a perspective and produce evidence among phenomenon specific to the discipline

- Refers to a set of empirical data obtained through experience.

- The concept of _____ is a philosophical beleif that States knowledge based on experiences.

- Refers to the reasoning of cause and effect.

____________ 1.came from a prominent and wealthy family. She was a ________2. who studied nursing in Germany.

________ November ______ Florence and her team found out poor hygienic practices and overworked staff.

During the _______. Nightingale trained ____ volunteer nurses to take care of the wounded soldiers and some of Catholic Nuns.

Nurses developed specialized knowledge and sought to higher education.

Nurses focuses on knowledge development.

The natural outgrowth of research and graduate education era. Theories guide nurses into practice

Nursing frameworks produce knowledge (evidence) for quality care.

A theory that holds unaided experience, can arrive at the basic truth regarding the world. The doctrine that knowledge about reality can be obtained by reason alone without recourse to experience.

The empirical view is based on the central idea that scientific knowledge can be derived from sensory experience (seeing, feeling, hearing facts). Called as Research-then-Theory strategy.(e.g. formulating nursing diagnosis).

• During the first half of this century, Philosophers concentrated on analysis of theory while Scientist focuses on empirical research. During this time there is a minimal interest in the history of science, nature of scientific discovery, or the similarities between the philosophical view of science and the scientific theory.

• Empericist argue that for science to maintain to maintain it's objectivity. Analysis, collection of data must be independent from theory. The epistemiology (branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge) challenged the empericist view of perception by acknowledging that theories play a significant role in determining what the scientist will observe and to be interpreted.

According to _____), the requirement for a body of specialized knowledge for recognition of nursing as a profession was a driving force in the twentieth century.

- Recipients of nursing care

- Factors affecting person/individual internally or externally

- the degree of wellness or well-being that the patient experiences. State of complete physical, mental, emotional, social, spiritual wellbeing and not necessarily the absence of disease or infirmity.

- the attributes, characteristics and actions of the nurse providing care on behalf of, or in conjunction with the patient

- Philosophy is the search for and a communication viewpoint. In nursing knowledge it contributes with the direction for the discipline. (E.g. Nightingale).

- Also called as . In nursing discipline this is to describe the relationship between concepts and their relationships that produce evidence among phenomena which is specific to discipline. (E.g.Neuman's System Model).

- Is a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and prepositions that presents systematic way of viewing events or patterns of reality (E.g. Betty Neuman's theory).

- "to keep the air he breathes as pure as the external air without chilling him."I

- "well water of a very impure kind is used for domestic purposes. And when the epidemic disease shows itself, persons using such water are almost sure to suffer

- "all the while the sewer may be nothing but a laboratory from which epidemic disease and ill health are being installed into the house

- "the greater part of nursing consists in preserving cleanliness

- (especially direct sunlight) - "the usefulness of light in treating disease is very important."

She is Developed and described the first nursing theory "_______". She also wrote a book entitled "______"

"Badly constructed houses do for the healthy what badly constructed hospitals do for the sick. Once ensure that the air is stagnant and sickness is certain to follow."

"Keep the air he breathes as pure as the external air, without chilling him." Nightingale believed that the person who repeatedly breathed his or her own air would become sick or remain sick. She was very concerned about "noxious air" or "effluvia" and foul odors from excrement. She also criticized "fumigations," for she believed that the offensive source, not the smell, must be removed.