LIPIDS 1

100問 • 1年前

saoirse

通報

問題一覧

A family of substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar and low polar solvents.

lipids

TRUE OR FALSE: Lipids are all insoluble in water.

true

This is an example of low polar solvents.

diethyl ether

TRUE OR FALSE: All lipids have the same structures.

false

These nonpolar bonds contribute to lipids’ water insolubility.

C-H, C-C

These lipids in biological systems contain only nonpolar groups.

hydrophobic

These lipids in biological systems process both polar and nonpolar groups.

amphipathic

This is the amount of energy produced by lipids.

9kcal per gram

For metabolism, lipids require more ______ and ______.

energy, oxygen

This is why lipids are not the primary source of energy.

longer extraction

This is where lipids store food and heat energy.

fat cells

Lipids act as a thermal and electrical ________.

insulator

This adipose tissue stores heat and is found more on babies.

brown adipose tissue

This adipose tissue stores fat as a triglyceride.

white adipose tissue

This type of white adipose tissue is found under the skin.

subcotanious

This type of white adipose tissue serves as shock absorber and padding for the organs.

visceral

This adipose tissue is responsible for lactation.

pink adipose tissue

This is women’s reproductive fat.

gynoid

Waxes, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids are categorized as:

hydrolyzable lipids

Steroids, fat-soluble vitamins, and eicosanoids are examples of:

non-hydrolyzable lipids

These are esters of fatty acids with various alcohols.

simple lipids

Simple lipids contain one of each of these two:

fatty acid and alcohol

This simple lipid is formed from glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids.

triglyceride

This simple lipid are esters formed from a fatty acid and a high molecular weight alcohol.

waxes

These are carboxylic acids with long carbon chains.

fatty acids

These fatty afids have an even number of carbon atoms.

naturally occurring fatty acids

This is the only functional group that fatty acids have, along with some double bonds.

-COOH

These lipids are derived from fatty acids.

hydrolyzable lipids

This fatty acids contain only single bonds.

saturated

This fatty acid contains at least one double bond.

unsaturated

This unsaturated fatty acid contains one double bond.

monounsaturated

This unsaturated fatty acid contains two or more double bonds.

polyunsaturated

TRUE OR FALSE: When the number of double bonds in the fatty acid increases, the melting point decreases.

true

SATURATED OR UNSATURATED: stearic acid

saturated

SATURATED OR UNSATURATED: oleic acid

monounsaturated

SATURATED OR UNSATURATED: linoleic acid

polyunsaturated

SATURATED OR UNSATURATED: palmitic acid

saturated

These fatty acids are generally found in nature.

cis fatty acids

These fatty acids are rare and manufactured.

trans fatty acids

Trans fatty acids are created during this process involving polyunsaturated fatty acids.

hydrogenation

CIS OR TRANS: Fatty acids that have two hydrogen atoms on the same side of the double bond.

cis

CIS OR TRANS: Fatty acids with a kink in its structure.

cis

CIS OR TRANS: fatty acids that have two hydrogen atoms on the opposite side of the double bond.

trans

These are fatty acids that cannot be produced by the body.

essential fatty acids

The parent fatty acid of the omega-3 family.

alpha-linolenic acid

These are fatty acids synthesized from ALA.

DHA and EPA

The parent fatty acid of the omega-6 family.

linoleic acid

This is a structural fat found throughout the body and is most abundant in the brain, eyes and heart.

DHA

This fatty acid is necessary for the growth of infants, hence found in breast milk.

DHA

This helps with childhood behavior and academic performance, and lowers risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

EPA

Humans store energy in adipose cells through this form.

triglycerides

A mixture of triglycerides containing a high proportion of long-chain, saturated fatty acids.

fats

A mixture of triglycerides containing a high proportion of long-chain, unsaturated fatty acids, or short-chain, saturated fatty acids.

oils

FAT OR OIL: obtained from animals

fat

FAT OR OIL: solid at room temperature

fat

FAT OR OIL: have higher melting points

fat

FAT OR OIL: colorless and bland in taste

fat

FAT OR OIL: lower melting points

oil

FAT OR OIL: liquid at room temperature

oil

FAT OR OIL: obtained from plants

oil

FAT OR OIL: undergoes saponification when hydrolysed

fat

This is the process for fats’ when turning spoilt.

rancidity

This is a condition caused by fat oxidation, when peroxides are formed from the reaction of polyunsaturated fatty acids with oxygen.

oxidative rancidity

This is a condition caused by fat hydrolysis, developed through hydrolysis of triglycerides where free fatty acids are released.

hydrolytic rancidity

They are extremely hydrophobic because of their long nonpolar C chains and form protective coating on plants, fruits, and animals.

wax

These are lipids that contain parts other than just fatty acids and alcohol.

complex lipids

These are long chained fatty acids on a glycerol backbone attached to a phosphoric acid molecule containing an alcohol substituent or amino alcohol.

phospholipids

These are important components of the cell membrane which easily form micelles.

lecithins

They are found in most cell membranes and aid in blood clotting.

cephalins

These are complex lipids built from long chained fatty acids attached to a sphingosine backbone rather than glycerol.

sphingolipids

This sphingolipid is found in the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells (structure phosphoric acid + choline).

sphingomyelin

These sphingolipids are often called cerebrosides because of their abundance in brain tissue (structure carbohydrates).

glycolipids

They define human blood groups.

glycolipids

Blood type that contains antigen A on rbc and anti-B antibody on plasma.

type a

This complex lipid is the primary means of transport of cholesterol among tissues.

lipoprotein

Lipoproteins are secreted by these organs into the circulating blood.

small ihtestine and liver

Along with lipids, lipoproteins are composed of these special proteins called ______.

apolipoproteins

This lipoprotein is formed in the mucosal cell of the intestine.

chylomicron

This lipoprotein is formed in the liver for the export of triglycerides.

VLDL

This lipoprotein is a primary carrier of cholesterol in the blood for delivery to the tissues.

LDL

This lipoprotein is the scavenger for cholesterol from peripheral tissues, returning it to the liver for metabolism.

HDL

These lipids are the products of the hydrolysis of simple and complex lipids.

derived lipids

These are a group of lipids whose carbon skeletons contain several fused rings.

steroids

This is the most prominent steroid.

cholesterol

Also known as steroid alcohol.

sterol

Other name for plant sterols.

phytosterols

This lipoproyein deposit cholesterol on the walls of arteries forming a plaque and restricting blood flow.

LDL

This lipoprotein reduce cholesterol levels in the bloodstream.

HDL

This is the consequence of excess LDL in the blood.

atherosclerosis

This is composed of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood, limiting the flow of oxygen-rich blood and increased risk of blood flow.

plaque

They are polarized steroids that play a vital role in intestinal fat absorption

bile salts

Bile salts are oxidation products of cholesterol, which are synthesized in the ______.

hepatocytes

Bile is produced in ______.

liver

Bile is stored in ________.

gall bladder

These vitamins are stored in the body for long periods of time, posing a greater risk of toxicity than water-soluble ones.

fat-soluble vitamins

This is the most important provitamin A carotenoid.

beta-carotene

This is the name of a vitamin group of fat-soluble retinoids, including retinol, retinal, and retinyl esters.

vitamin a

Two types of Vitamin A

provitamin a carotenoids, performed vitamin a

Vitamin A is an essential component of ______.

rhodopsin

100

This vitamin is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.

vitamin a

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問題一覧

A family of substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar and low polar solvents.

lipids

TRUE OR FALSE: Lipids are all insoluble in water.

true

This is an example of low polar solvents.

diethyl ether

TRUE OR FALSE: All lipids have the same structures.

false

These nonpolar bonds contribute to lipids’ water insolubility.

C-H, C-C

These lipids in biological systems contain only nonpolar groups.

hydrophobic

These lipids in biological systems process both polar and nonpolar groups.

amphipathic

This is the amount of energy produced by lipids.

9kcal per gram

For metabolism, lipids require more ______ and ______.

energy, oxygen

This is why lipids are not the primary source of energy.

longer extraction

This is where lipids store food and heat energy.

fat cells

Lipids act as a thermal and electrical ________.

insulator

This adipose tissue stores heat and is found more on babies.

brown adipose tissue

This adipose tissue stores fat as a triglyceride.

white adipose tissue

This type of white adipose tissue is found under the skin.

subcotanious

This type of white adipose tissue serves as shock absorber and padding for the organs.

visceral

This adipose tissue is responsible for lactation.

pink adipose tissue

This is women’s reproductive fat.

gynoid

Waxes, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids are categorized as:

hydrolyzable lipids

Steroids, fat-soluble vitamins, and eicosanoids are examples of:

non-hydrolyzable lipids

These are esters of fatty acids with various alcohols.

simple lipids

Simple lipids contain one of each of these two:

fatty acid and alcohol

This simple lipid is formed from glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids.

triglyceride

This simple lipid are esters formed from a fatty acid and a high molecular weight alcohol.

waxes

These are carboxylic acids with long carbon chains.

fatty acids

These fatty afids have an even number of carbon atoms.

naturally occurring fatty acids

This is the only functional group that fatty acids have, along with some double bonds.

-COOH

These lipids are derived from fatty acids.

hydrolyzable lipids

This fatty acids contain only single bonds.

saturated

This fatty acid contains at least one double bond.

unsaturated

This unsaturated fatty acid contains one double bond.

monounsaturated

This unsaturated fatty acid contains two or more double bonds.

polyunsaturated

TRUE OR FALSE: When the number of double bonds in the fatty acid increases, the melting point decreases.

true

SATURATED OR UNSATURATED: stearic acid

saturated

SATURATED OR UNSATURATED: oleic acid

monounsaturated

SATURATED OR UNSATURATED: linoleic acid

polyunsaturated

SATURATED OR UNSATURATED: palmitic acid

saturated

These fatty acids are generally found in nature.

cis fatty acids

These fatty acids are rare and manufactured.

trans fatty acids

Trans fatty acids are created during this process involving polyunsaturated fatty acids.

hydrogenation

CIS OR TRANS: Fatty acids that have two hydrogen atoms on the same side of the double bond.

cis

CIS OR TRANS: Fatty acids with a kink in its structure.

cis

CIS OR TRANS: fatty acids that have two hydrogen atoms on the opposite side of the double bond.

trans

These are fatty acids that cannot be produced by the body.

essential fatty acids

The parent fatty acid of the omega-3 family.

alpha-linolenic acid

These are fatty acids synthesized from ALA.

DHA and EPA

The parent fatty acid of the omega-6 family.

linoleic acid

This is a structural fat found throughout the body and is most abundant in the brain, eyes and heart.

DHA

This fatty acid is necessary for the growth of infants, hence found in breast milk.

DHA

This helps with childhood behavior and academic performance, and lowers risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

EPA

Humans store energy in adipose cells through this form.

triglycerides

A mixture of triglycerides containing a high proportion of long-chain, saturated fatty acids.

fats

A mixture of triglycerides containing a high proportion of long-chain, unsaturated fatty acids, or short-chain, saturated fatty acids.

oils

FAT OR OIL: obtained from animals

fat

FAT OR OIL: solid at room temperature

fat

FAT OR OIL: have higher melting points

fat

FAT OR OIL: colorless and bland in taste

fat

FAT OR OIL: lower melting points

oil

FAT OR OIL: liquid at room temperature

oil

FAT OR OIL: obtained from plants

oil

FAT OR OIL: undergoes saponification when hydrolysed

fat

This is the process for fats’ when turning spoilt.

rancidity

This is a condition caused by fat oxidation, when peroxides are formed from the reaction of polyunsaturated fatty acids with oxygen.

oxidative rancidity

This is a condition caused by fat hydrolysis, developed through hydrolysis of triglycerides where free fatty acids are released.

hydrolytic rancidity

They are extremely hydrophobic because of their long nonpolar C chains and form protective coating on plants, fruits, and animals.

wax

These are lipids that contain parts other than just fatty acids and alcohol.

complex lipids

These are long chained fatty acids on a glycerol backbone attached to a phosphoric acid molecule containing an alcohol substituent or amino alcohol.

phospholipids

These are important components of the cell membrane which easily form micelles.

lecithins

They are found in most cell membranes and aid in blood clotting.

cephalins

These are complex lipids built from long chained fatty acids attached to a sphingosine backbone rather than glycerol.

sphingolipids

This sphingolipid is found in the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells (structure phosphoric acid + choline).

sphingomyelin

These sphingolipids are often called cerebrosides because of their abundance in brain tissue (structure carbohydrates).

glycolipids

They define human blood groups.

glycolipids

Blood type that contains antigen A on rbc and anti-B antibody on plasma.

type a

This complex lipid is the primary means of transport of cholesterol among tissues.

lipoprotein

Lipoproteins are secreted by these organs into the circulating blood.

small ihtestine and liver

Along with lipids, lipoproteins are composed of these special proteins called ______.

apolipoproteins

This lipoprotein is formed in the mucosal cell of the intestine.

chylomicron

This lipoprotein is formed in the liver for the export of triglycerides.

VLDL

This lipoprotein is a primary carrier of cholesterol in the blood for delivery to the tissues.

LDL

This lipoprotein is the scavenger for cholesterol from peripheral tissues, returning it to the liver for metabolism.

HDL

These lipids are the products of the hydrolysis of simple and complex lipids.

derived lipids

These are a group of lipids whose carbon skeletons contain several fused rings.

steroids

This is the most prominent steroid.

cholesterol

Also known as steroid alcohol.

sterol

Other name for plant sterols.

phytosterols

This lipoproyein deposit cholesterol on the walls of arteries forming a plaque and restricting blood flow.

LDL

This lipoprotein reduce cholesterol levels in the bloodstream.

HDL

This is the consequence of excess LDL in the blood.

atherosclerosis

This is composed of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood, limiting the flow of oxygen-rich blood and increased risk of blood flow.

plaque

They are polarized steroids that play a vital role in intestinal fat absorption

bile salts

Bile salts are oxidation products of cholesterol, which are synthesized in the ______.

hepatocytes

Bile is produced in ______.

liver

Bile is stored in ________.

gall bladder

These vitamins are stored in the body for long periods of time, posing a greater risk of toxicity than water-soluble ones.

fat-soluble vitamins

This is the most important provitamin A carotenoid.

beta-carotene

This is the name of a vitamin group of fat-soluble retinoids, including retinol, retinal, and retinyl esters.

vitamin a

Two types of Vitamin A

provitamin a carotenoids, performed vitamin a

Vitamin A is an essential component of ______.

rhodopsin

100

This vitamin is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.

vitamin a