is a fundamental branch of geomatics that deals with the science and technology of determining the relative position of points on beneath, or above the Earth’s surface.

The art, science, and technology of determining the relative position of points on Earth’s surface.

a broader term encompassing surveying, mapping, remote sensing, and geographic information system (GIS). It focuses on the acquisition processing, analysis, and management of spatial data.

a survey established to determine the horizontal and vertical position of specific points with high accuracy, serving as reference for other surveys.

a survey designed to gather data for creating maps that depict the terrain’s relief features, including natural and man made objects.

a survey focused on defining and recording property boundaries, often used for legal and administrative purposes.

deals with large areas and takes into account the Earth’ s true shape, using advance mathematical theory and precise measurement.

Deals with smaller area

determining and marking property boundaries.

providing accurate measurement and layouts for engineering and construction projects.

establishing alignments and elevation for roads, railways, pipelines, and other infrastructure.

mapping and characterizing bodies of water, including seabeds ad shorelines.

controlling and mapping underground and surface works related to mining operations

using aerial photographs to determine the position of objects on Earth’s surface.

RTK stand for?

The "Father of Surveying"

TWO GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF SURVEY

are surveys of the areas in and near a city for the purpose of planning expansions or improvements, locating property lines, fixing reference monuments, determining the physical features and configuration of the land, and preparing maps.

these are surveys which are undertaken at a construction site to provide data regarding grades, reference lines, dimensions, ground configuration, and the location and elevation of structures which are of concern to engineers, architects, and builders.

a type of surveys executed in connection with forest managementand mensuration, and the

refer to surveying streams, lakes, reservoirs, harbors, oceans, and other bodies of water. These surveys are made to map shore lines, chart the shape of areas underlying water surfaces, and measure the flow of streams.

sometimes known as optical tooling. It refers to the use of surveying techniques in ship building, constructionand assembly of aircraft, lay- out and installation of heavy and complex machinery, and in other industries where very accurate dimensional layouts are required.

are surveys which are performed to determine the position of all underground excavations and surface mine structures, to fix surface boundaries of mining claims, determine geological formations, to calculate excavated volumes, and establish lines and grades for other related mining work.

type of survey which makes use of photographs taken with specially designed cameras either from airplanes or ground stations. Measurements are obtained from the photographs which are used in conjunction with limited ground

involves the determination of alignment, grades earthwork quantities, location of natural and artificial objects in connection with the planning , design, and construction of highways, railroads, pipelines, canals, transmission lines, and other linear projects.

surveys made for determining the shape of the ground, and the location and elevation of natural and artificial features upon it. The features shown include such natural objects as hills, mountains, rivers, lakes, relief of the ground surface, etc; and works of man, such as roads, buildings, ports, towns, municipalities, and bridges.

comparison of the measured quantity with a standard measuring unit or units employed for measuring a quantity of that kind.

When it is not possible to apply a measuring instrument directly to a quantity to be measured an indirect measurement is made. In this type of measurement, the observed value is determined by its relationship to some other known values.