What are the receptors of sympathetic

It has the property of adjusting in response to stressful situations such as trauma, fear, hypoglycemia, cold or exercise.

The endogenous neurotransmitters contain three required structural features. What are those transmitter

Ortho hydroxybenzene

Meta hydroxybenzene

Para hydroxybenzene

The primary neurotransmitter of postganglionic sympathetic adrenergic nerves.

Synthesized inside nerve axon in the adrenal medulla and stored within vesicles. It is released by the nerve when an action potential travels down the nerve.

Receptors= Gq linked

Receptors= Gi linked

Exert negative feedback leading to decrease in the synthesis & release of NE

(+) inotropism, dromotropism, chronotropism

The increase in cAMP levels in structures with beta2 receptors on them will lead to smooth muscle relaxation but skeletal muscle contraction.

modulation of motor activity, behavior, mood & thought process Induce vomiting

Gs linked

like family receptors is coupled to the G protein Gi, which directly inhibits the formation of cAMP by inhibiting the enzyme adenylate cyclase

Receptors of catecholamines are example of

Drugs that mimic the action of epinephrine or norepinephrine.

What are under Nonselective

What are under selective

Binds directly to the receptor

Increase concentration of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft

CNS centered effects

What are under increase release

What are under inhibit re uptake

What are under centrally acting

considered as the parent compound from which sympathomimetic drugs are derived.

consists of benzene ring with an ethylamine side chain

consists of benzene ring with an ethylamine side chain

stimulates α1 , β1 and β2

stimulates β1 and β2

Methyl substitution on NE, yielding Epi, enhances activity at β2 receptors. ↑ β-receptor activity. The larger the substituent on the amino group, the lower the activity at α-receptor.

Substitution of OH group on benzene ring increases maximal α & β activity

INACTIVATED BY COMT, cannot be given orally polar (Poor CNS penetration)

not inactivated by COMT, can be given orally, non polar (CNS penetration)

Dec. metabolism by monoamine oxidase (MAO).

Give example of alpha carbon.

Substitution of OH group will become a direct-acting agonists. β-hydroxyl group.

Ephedrine, Phenylephrine and Amphetamine which of these are non catecholamines

Ephedrine, Phenylephrine and Amphetamine which of these are resistant to MAO metabolism

Ephedrine, Phenylephrine and Amphetamine which of these are direct acting agonist

Ephedrine, Phenylephrine and Amphetamine which of these are direct acting agonist

Ephedrine, Phenylephrine and Amphetamine which of these are indirect acting agonist

What is the Natural catecholamines:

What is the synthetic catecholamines:

OH groups show highest potency in activating alpha or beta receptors

What are the rapid inactivation

Catecholamines presence of OH group at 3 & 4 pos. OH group at this pos also inc. polarity

due to absence of substituent in alpha carbon

presence of OH at β carbon.

increase activity in beta receptors due to substituent in terminal amino group

NE (Levophed)

Epi (adrenalin)

Dopamine

Isoproterenol

potent vasoconstrictor & cardiac stimulant. and Gives positive inotropic & chronotropic effect

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) Uses

First line inotropic agent in the management of septic shock- (SBP <90mmHg) due to systemic infection

Norepinephrine also know as

Norepinephrine (Levophed) Uses

immediate metabolic precursor of NE. Affinity to receptors:

Dopamine uses

Dec. activity in alpha receptor= bulky substituent in terminal amino group

Isoproterenol uses

What is the adverse effet oc Isoproterenol

What is the precursor of catecholamines

What ion is responsible for exit

Dilation of pupil

What is the reponse to Alpha 1 receptors

A receptor that has the ability to increase your blood pressure / Vasoconstriction

A type of blocker that has yhe ability to decrease your BP / Vasodilation

What alpha 1 Synthesis

What do you call the space between pre synapse and post synapse

Decrease catecholamines secretion

What are the drugs that has NFE that decrease catecholamines secretion (norepinephrine and synthesis; Lowers blood pressure; Cure antihypertensive)

Inotropic agent for heart failure

Increase the strength of cardiac contractions

Increase the duration of heart muscle that lead to heart failure

Increase the conduct of cardiac cells

A Catecholamines receptors that has an ability to increase heart rate and increase stroke volume.

A catecholamine receptors Juxtaglomerular cell if release its renin can increase blood pressure.

Facilitate the sodium and water retention in the body

A receptor that can decrease Blood pressure

A catecholamines receptor that can increase Blood pressure

Used in mngt of bronchchi asthma and COPD

A catecholamines receptors that found in autonomic nervous system.

A catecholamines receptors that found in central nervous system.

High dopamine level can cause

Low dopamine level can cause

Anti parkinsonism

Antipsychotics drugs