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PSY 3750
  • Ryan Shannon

  • 問題数 59 • 9/23/2024

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Connectionist models share the assumptions) that

    both (b) and (d)

  • 2

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a cognitive process?

    reflex

  • 3

    A cognitive process that begins with small bits of information gathered from the environment and ends with higher order processes putting these bits of information together into a meaningful percept would be described as:

    bottom-up processing

  • 4

    Processes that occur simultaneously rather than one at a time are known as ____ processes.

    parallel

  • 5

    Damage to the occipital lobe could result in difficulty processing:

    visual information.

  • 6

    Which of these structures is involved in the formation of long-term memories?

    hippocampus

  • 7

    Since the 1970s, various techniques of ____ have allowed us to construct pictures of the anatomy and functioning of intact brains.

    brain imaging

  • 8

    When common objects such as kitchen utensils are presented in a jumbled display,

    people recognize them slower than in a normal kitchen scene.

  • 9

    Which of the following neuropsychological method(s) provide(s) information about the amount of dynamic blood flow to various regions of the brain?

    both PET scans and fMRI

  • 10

    Which of the following was instrumental in producing the "cognitive revolution"?

    all of the above

  • 11

    The meaningful interpretation of environmental stimuli is called

    perception

  • 12

    Which of the following is a basic assumption of the connectionist approach?

    networks of connections among processing nodes

  • 13

    We see the figure below as a set of rows rather than columns because of the Gestalt principle of

    similarity

  • 14

    A major difference between a feature theory and a template theory is

    a template processes the input pattern as a single unit

  • 15

    The ___ lobes are involved in the processing of sensory information from the body, such as pain, pressure, touch, and temperature.

    parietal

  • 16

    According to Biederman, ___ language. are to visual perception what alphabets are to

    geons

  • 17

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four properties that Wundt proposed as the basis for any conscious thought or idea?

    quantity

  • 18

    A traditional "school" within psychology that saw the mind as a "black box" that could not be objectively studied was known as

    behaviorism

  • 19

    Anne is driving down a residential street on a Saturday afternoon, and expects that she may see children playing outside on such a sunny, warm day. Out of the corner of her eye, she detects movement between two parked cars at the side of the road. She immediately presses the brake, interpreting the movement as that of a child. Later she is relieved to see that the movement came from an empty paper bag that is blowing in the wind. Anne's initial perception of the movement as that of a child can best be explained through the notion of

    top-down processing

  • 20

    Historians date the founding of scientific psychology to the 1879 laboratory of:

    Wilhelm Wundt.

  • 21

    Prosopagnosia is a specific visual agnosia for

    faces

  • 22

    Which theory states that we divide patterns into their parts and identify the parts in order to decide what the pattern is?

    feature analysis theory

  • 23

    All of the following statements are central to empiricism EXCEPT:

    Important structures of the human mind are present at birth.

  • 24

    Which of the following allows us to support claims about cause-and-effect relationships?

    experiment

  • 25

    Visual agnosias involve

    impaired ability to interpret visual information

  • 26

    CAT scans are usually used to:

    pinpoint areas of brain damage.

  • 27

    A letter is easier to perceive in the context of a word. Which of the following models explains this finding by arguing that activation of the relevant node for the word also activates the nodes corresponding to the letters within the word?

    connectionist

  • 28

    The information processing paradigm uses what metaphor to represent the human mind?

    computer metaphor

  • 29

    Which of the following has the highest ecological validity?

    naturalistic observation

  • 30

    Which brain imaging technique uses radioactive tracers to measure blood flow?

    positron emission tomography

  • 31

    A paradigm in psychology answers all of the following questions EXCEPT:

    What types of training and degrees are needed by researchers?

  • 32

    A traditional "school" within psychology that focused on what role the mind serves for an organism:

    functionalism

  • 33

    Injury to Broca's area results in an inability to:

    produce language fluently.

  • 34

    Biederman's component model is an example of

    a structural model in which a limited number of components can be used to build many different objects.

  • 35

    Which approach is most consistent with the way the brain functions?

    connectionist

  • 36

    The function of the thalamus is to:

    relay information.

  • 37

    The finding that it is easier to recognize a letter in the context of a word than in isolation or in a nonword is called

    the "word superiority effect."

  • 38

    Which of these structures modulates the strength of emotional memories and is involved in emotional learning?

    amygdala

  • 39

    Template theory states that

    we compare whole patterns with one another and measure how much they overlap

  • 40

    Which scientific approach argues that a complete understanding of human behavior cannot be achieved without a good understanding of how information is mentally represented?

    Cognitivism

  • 41

    Structural theories of pattern recognition extend feature theories by

    including specification of feature relations

  • 42

    The part of the cerebral cortex at the back of the head is called the ___ lobe.

    occipital

  • 43

    All of the following are basic assumptions of the traditional information-processing approach to cognition EXCEPT:

    the fundamental question involves the function of consciousness

  • 44

    Jan has difficulty understanding spoken language. Jan may have suffered damage to:

    Wernicke's area.

  • 45

    Saying that cognitive theories must focus on events "between input and output" means that cognition must be analyzed at the level of

    representation

  • 46

    Biederman's Component Model is used to describe what kinds of objects

    3-dimensional

  • 47

    The major disadvantage of naturalistic observation is the lack of:

    experimental control.

  • 48

    A traditional "school" within psychology that had as its goal the identification of the simplest possible units of the mind:

    structuralism

  • 49

    Which of the following poses a problem for featural analysis theory?

    There is currently no good definition of the concept of a "feature."

  • 50

    To measure an area of the brain's response to a specific event, we use:

    ERP.

  • 51

    The term ___ refers to the relevance of the research to the "real world."

    ecological validity

  • 52

    About 95% of all human beings show a specialization for language in the:

    left hemisphere.

  • 53

    The belief that most of our abilities and tendencies are with us from birth is known as:

    nativism

  • 54

    Which of the following is a central tenet of the Gestalt school of psychology?

    Psychological phenomena cannot be reduced to simple elements, but must be studied as whole structures.

  • 55

    Split brain operations involved severing which brain structure?

    corpus callosum

  • 56

    Which of the following represents a good example of a proximal stimulus?

    the retinal image formed by a tree

  • 57

    Which of the following is true regarding Watson's behaviorism?

    It rejected references to unobservable mental states.

  • 58

    One model of perception emphasizes that a percept is compared to idealized holistic representations in memory and matched to the one it most closely approximates. This model is known as:

    prototype matching

  • 59

    "Executive functioning" involves all of the following EXCEPT:

    basic sensory processing.