問題一覧
1
Which ones are MAOI
Moclobemide , Phenelzine
2
Which ones are TCAs
Imipramine, Amitriptyline
3
Whihc ones are SSRI
Citalopram, Fluoxetine, Sertraline
4
Which ones are SNRIs
Venlafaxine, Duloxetine
5
ADHD, nacrolepsy treatment
Methylphenidate (DA and NE), Atomexetine (NE reuptake inhibitor)
6
Bipolar disorder drugs ?
lithium , Semi-sodium Valproate
7
Synthetic opioid agonist acting as heroin
Methadone (24-36 hours)
8
Short acting opioid antagonist
Naloxone
9
Alcohol withdrawal symptoms but not for long term and for acute cases
Chlordrazepoxide
10
Partial agonist of opioid
Buprenorphine
11
Buprenorphine can be taken as ?
Sublingual tablet , IV
12
Adverse reactions to this drug can include drowsiness and dizziness
Chlorphenamine
13
Adverse reactions to this drug can include Nausea,vomiting,tremor,insomnia,tachycardia,arrhythmias,diarrhea
Theophylline
14
Which ones are Glucoccortoids
Beclomethasone, Fluticasone, Budensomide, Prednisone
15
Which one is used for heart failure,hypertension and heart failures ?
atenolol
16
P-R interval of over what number usually indicates abnormal conductions in the ventricles most probably a heart block ?
0.2
17
what number for the Q-T intervals would result In ventricular arrhythmias?
0.2-0.4
18
which drugs prolongs the Q-T interval ?
Haloperidol, Sotalol, Amiodarone
19
Ventricular Dysrrhythmias and prevents paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Disopyramide
20
Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation during or after myocardial infarction ?
Lidocaine
21
Prevent Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and recurrent tachyarrhythmias associated with abnormal conducting pathways
Flecainide
22
Prevent recurrence of tachyarrythmias such as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Propanalol
23
Tachycardia associated with WPWS and supra ventriclular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Amiodarone
24
Paroxysmal supraventricular dysrrhythmias and ventricular ecotopic beats and ventricular tachycardias
Sotalol
25
Prevent recurrence of supraventricular tachycardia and reduce ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation (not suffering from WPWS or other disorders)
Verapamil
26
What test is made for thromboembolism to asses the risk
CHA2-DAS2-VASc
27
For the the risk of bleeding ?
ORBIT
28
What score of CHA2-DAS2-VASc should be offered anticoagulants
score of 2 or above and for men 1+
29
Drugs that are DOACS
Dabigatran, Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, Edoxaban
30
Vitamin K antagonists
Warfarin, Acenocoumarol, Phenindione
31
Conditions that can cause AF
Any condition affecting the blood circulation can cause or contribute to AF. heart failure diabetes mellitus obesity chronic kidney disease
32
Complications associated with AF
AF can cause a stroke and/or heart attack this is because in AF, blood can pool inside the heart which may lead to the formation of a blood clot. Blood clots in the cornory vessels can cause a heart attack while a blood clot in the brain may cause a stroke.
33
Diagnostic test for iron deficiency?
Serrum Ferritin biochemical test correlates with number of total body irons. less than 30micrograms/L confirms the diagnosis of iron deficiency but difficult to interpret if infection or inflammation is present.
34
Treatmant for IDA
Ferrous Sulfate 100-200mg daily in three divides doses side effects are constipation diarrhoea nausea if not tolerated oral ferrous fumarate or ferrous gluconate tablets can be considered three months iron can be administered parenterallt as iron dextran (CosmoFer) iron sucrose (venofer) ferric carboxymaltose (Ferinject) iron isomaltoside 1000 (Monofer) check hb levels after 2-4 weeks specialist assessment if lack of response is detected (2g/dl in the Hb level) after 2-4 weeks
35
Easy haler ?
DPI budesonide beclomethasone salbutamol Formoterol for asthma
36
Anoro Ellipta
Umeclidium Vilanterol COPD
37
Ventoline Evohaler
Albuterol sulphate salbutamol MDI asthma
38
Trelegy Ellipta
DPI fluticasone umeclidinium vilanterol COPD
39
symbicort turbohaler 100/6 ?
DPI Budesonide Formetrol combination of asthma
40
Combivent
MDI ipratropium bromide saldbutamol combination of copd
41
Respimat
Respimat
42
Seretide Accuhaler 100/50
DPI Fluticasone Salmetrol Asthma and COPD
43
Spiriva Handihaler
DPI Tiotropium COPD
44
Fordil
DPI ASTHMA AND COPD FORMETROL
45
Symbicort
MDI Budesonide Formetrol Combination of Asthma
46
Relvar Ellipta
DPI FLUTICASONE FUROATE COMBINATION OF COPD
47
Exogenous Dyslipidaemia
Occurs from outside such as from the diet Cholestrol and lipids are delivered to tissues via LDL-R
48
Endogenous Dyslipidaemia
Occurs from genetic disorders or mutations Cholestrol and Lipids are delivered to tissues via VLDL very low density lipoprotein
49
Medical conditions that can contribute to Dyslipidaemia
Diabetes mellitus Chronic liver disease Chronic Kidney disease Hypothyroidism
50
drugs known to affect lipid profiles
Alchol thiazide diuretics sex hormones corticosteroids
51
Ezetimibe ?
Inhibits absorption of Cholestrol from the small intestine by targeting NPCL1 transporter protein moa: by blocking NPCL1 reduces the absorption of Cholestrol
52
Statins ?
target enzyme HMG CoA reductase that plays an important rule in synthesis of Cholestrol in liver moa: by inhibiting HMG CoA it reduced the production of Cholestrol in the liver
53
GFR is ?
Glomular filtration rate of Plasma in mL/min
54
U in kidneys is ?
urine concentration of A in mg/mL
55
V in kidneys ?
rate of urine production in mL/min
56
P in kidneys ?
plasma concentration of A in mg/mL
57
Arterial ph
7.4 (min 6.8)
58
Venous ph
7.35 (max 7.8)
59
intracellular fluid
7
60
Addisons disease is treated with ?
fludocortisone
61
Opioid antagonist for supporting relapse prevention ?
Naloxone
62
Topical steroids do what ?
Are Immuno suppressive and anti inflammatory
63
Which ones describe infected eczema
Red weepy with yellow coloured crust
64
Treatment for infected eczema ?
Oral antibiotic flucloxacillin restricted for two weeks
65
Calcineurin Inhibitors
Tacrolimus (protopic), Pimecrolimus (Elidel)
66
Topical anti fungal therapies whihc are used for tinea pedis corporis and cruris ?
Imidazoles e.g clotrimazole miconazole fungistatic preventing further growth of the organism and rely on the normal process of skin shedding to remove any further living fungi allylamines fungicidal thus killing the organisms
67
Combination products for treatment of tinea pedis ?
Daktacort Canesten HC Includes 1% hydrocortisone with imidazole and these can be used if the infection is associated with inflammation but the duration of treatment for otc product should be limited to 7 days only
68
Treatment for vaginal thrush
Intravaginal azole antifungal cream or peasant should resolve symptoms in a few days between 16 and 60 150mg fluconazole pregnant women should be treated with topical azole antifungal agents men topical azole
69
Cellulitis
affect upper dermis bacterial infection caused by group A streptococcus and staphylococcus affects one limb only fever chills shivering only rest and elevate affected limb while taking paracetamol and ibuprofen those with more severe disease require oral antibiotics and if unsuccessful iv is required
70
Impetigo
Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) Streptococcus pyrogenes (S. pyrogenes) bacterial infection mild itching glued cornflakes management topical if localised or oral antibiotics if more spread supply 1% hydrogen peroxide cream (crystacide) wash areag with soapy area
71
Treatment for herpes post neulagia
paracetamol or codeine Amitriptyline gabapentin or pregablin whihc are strong opioids for neuropathic pain topical therapy capsaicin if localised and patient doesn’t want oral treatment
72
Herpes simplex
analgesics paracetamol and NSAIDS to help in pain and fever self limiting 10-14 days
73
treatment for calluse and wart
Calluse pressing causes pain Wart squeezing towards the center caused pain salicylic acid 15-50% daily for 12 weeks
74
Lice types
Pediculus humanis capitis (head) Pediculus humanis corporis (body) Pediculus pubis (pubic)
75
Mycophenolate and methotrexate
Metho is used for psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis Myco organ rejection after transplantion
76
Loratadine from chatgp side effects
Drowsiness dry mouth headache
77
H1 antagonists
chlorphenamine promethazine diphenhydramine non sedating fexofenadine loratadine desloratadine acrivastine cetrizine levocetirizine
78
NSAID drug starts with d
diclofenac
79
COX1
provides protective prostaglandin E2 in the GI tract and that can be caused by NSAID
80
CysLT antagonist
Montelukast
81
DMARDS used for chronic inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis when NSAIDS don’t work
methotrexate sulfasalzine gold compounds penicillamine chloroquine given once a week
82
Methotrexate
Folic antagonist with cytotoxic and immunosuppressant activity
83
Glucocorticoids that are calcineurin inhibitors and some that are IL2 inhibitors
Tacrolimus (protopic) Pimecrolimus (elidel) Ciclosporin IL2 sirolimus inhibit IL2 by targeting mTOR
84
Drugs whihc inhibit dna synthesis gif lymphocyte proliferation
azathioprine (active metabolite mercaptopurine) mycophenolate mofetil (inhibition of de novo purine synthesis) Leflunomide (inhibition by a metabolite of pyrimidine synthesis)
85
Virus steps
1) virus attaches to cell 2) virus enters the cell and releases its genetic material 3)viral genetic material is replicated by hijacking the host cell’s machinery 4) new viral proteins and genetic material are synthesised 5) new viral particles are assembled 6) they infect other cells
86
HIV
a lentivirus which is a subgroup within retro virus family
87
Which VIRUSES are ssRNA
rhinovirus ssRNA doesn’t have envelope corona virus and adenovirus ssRNA and envelope HIV ssRNA envelope
88
Norovirus
ssRNA NOT EVENLOPED
89
CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 2kg Mechanism of action: selectively binds to the human chemokine receptor CCR5, which is present on the cell membrane.
Maraviroc
90
Meningitis treatment
benzylpenicllin should be given at earliest opportunity as IV or IM In secondary care initial treatment usually will be IV cephalosporin such as cefotaxime or ceftriaxone Dexamethasone should also be given as an adjunctive treatment provided the patient is over 3 months immunocomprimised patients or elderly patients recieve amoxicillin or ampicillin in addition to IV Cephalosporin
91
What cause viral meningitis
Enteroviruses such as coxsackie A coxsackie B and echovirus also herpes viruses and mumps
92
fungal meningitis treatment
amphotericin flucytosine
93
Viral meningitis
fluids and symptomatic treatment for fever and pain normally 7-10 days aciclovir might be used if herpes virus is the causative agent
94
Co- amoxiclav
a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid clavulanic acid is a beta lactamase inhibitor overcoming the bacterial defence against amoxicillin
95
Dupilamb medication is
medication used to treat certain inflammatory conditions such as asthma and eczema
96
Coronary arteries if affected indicates
chest pain or pressure (angina)
97
Arteries supplying the brain if affected indicates
numbness or weakness of arms and legs,slurred speech, drooping of facial muscles, signs of transient ischaemic attack. if left untreated it may progress to a stroke
98
Arteries of limbs
pain when walking, which is a sign of peripheral artery disease
99
Renel arteries
high blood pressure or kidney failure
100
Angina
a symptom of ichaemia in the ventricles it is characterised by severe pain in the chest over the heart (precordial,substernal) whihc radiates to the left arm and upwards into the neck or jaw