Acquiring knowledge and truth using techniques NOT following scientific method.

People tend to believe claims from authority, experts, etc.

Refusing to alter prior knowledge regardless of evidence to the contrary.

Tend to decide, explain, or form an opinion based on their gut feelings or instincts.

Observable and experienced data.

System of ideas, a supposition.

Idea that is proposed for the sake of an argument, an assumption.

Approach to the collection and interpretation that should be systematic, objective, and rational.

Three characteristics of good thinking.

Entities should not be multipied without necessity. - Simplicity - Precision - Clarity

Parsimony is also known as _____.

Science change as we acquire new information.

Research becomes highly public activity.

Repeat procedures and get the same results.

Scientific process of gathering data and processing information.

Receives only one kind of treatment.

Exposed to every treatment or condition.

Evaluate research before it can be conducted.

states that 1.) subjects agrees to participate, 2.) informs nature of the experiment.

an agreement for 1.) minor children ages 7 and above. 2.) patients that are cognitively impaired.

Give the three basic ethical principles.

states humans are autonomous.

• minimizes risks of harm • maximizes benefits

fairness in BOTH burdens and benefits

Intentional misleading of subjects, withholding full information.

Full disclosure at the end, explaining the nature a d purpose of the research.

Identity of participant is not known to the researcher.

Researcher knows the participant's identity BUT takes steps to protect it.

Fraud in Science