If the initial ionizing event occurs on the Target Molecule

If the initial ionizing event occur on a distant, non critical molecules

The energy is transferred to the target molecules

Radiation of the macromolecules outside the body or the cell

This is considerable radiation dose is required produce a measurable effect

Irradiation of macromolecules within the living cells

This is the effect on melcular that is more sensitive in their natural state

What are the 3 Irradiation of Macromolecules In vitro

This is part of irradiation of macromolecules in vitro, that is the breakage of the backbone of the long-chain macromolecules

This is by determining the degree of main chain scission

Process of the side spurs created by irradiations and attached to a neighboring macromolecules or to another segment of the same molecule

Any change that results in the impairment or loss function at the point of single chemical bond

At HIGH radiation doses, point lesions are considered to be the cellular radiation damage that results in the stochastic radiation EFFECT observed at the whole body level

What irradiation molecules said not detectable

Poisnous the cell and act as toxic agent, formed by combination of two OH and combination of two Hydroperoxyl

The principal damaging product of Radiolysis of water, formed by combination of H2 and oxygen

What are the 2 Free Radicals?

Effect or Radiation on DNA

For the cell to die after radiation exposure its target molecule must be inactivated

Occur when radiation interaction occur with target

The lethal effect of radiation are determined by observing cell survival, cell death

When the radiation dose reaches a level sufficient to kill 63% of the cell

Low D37?

High D37?

It applies to more complicated bilogical targets, in human cells and it represents a threshold

It is constantly related to radiosensitivity of the cell

It indicates radiosistant cell

This indicates radiosensitive cell

This is related to the o the cell ability to recover from sublethal damage

This is used to measure the capacity to accumulate sublethal damage and the ability to recover from the damage

The avarage time from one metosis to another

Cell cycle that is approximately 24 hours is the avarage time to effect

Cell cycle that is approximately hundreds of hours is the avarage time to effect

This is said the most time variable of cell phases

Cell survival kinetics follows a single - target, single - hit model

Cell kinetics that follows Multi - Target, Single - Hit model

Model applies to a biological target, such as enzymes, virus and simple cells such as bacteria

With LET radiation in the oxygen, free radicals are formed are the volume effectiveness surrounding each ionizing is enlarged

A response to radiation is directly proportional to the dose received

What type of relationship does acute radiation have?

The metabolic process of building large molecules from smaller ones called

The interaction between radiation and cellular component is

Include molecules that contain a sulfhydryl group such as cysteine and cysteamine

Let IS EXPRESSED IN UNITS OF

The human body composed of about 80%

Which of the following control the growth and development of the cell

DNA is located in the ___ of the cell

Model applies to more complicated biologic systems such as human cells

Is a channel or a series of channels that allows the nucleus to communicate with the cytoplasm

The effect of x-ray on humans is the result of interaction at the ___ level

The ability of ionizing radiation to produce a biologic response increases as the LET of radiation

As the LET of radiation increases, the ability to produce biologic damage also increases

Tissues that are ___ with a ____ metabolic rate are more radiosensitive

Known as human polysaccharide

Which dose response relationship can fallow a sigmoid curve

Constitute a primary defense mechanism of the body against infection and disease.

With ___ LET radiation, in the ____ of oxygen, the added sphere of influence for each ionizing event, although somewhat larger, does not result in additional hits

Tissue composition of the body in blood

This is sometimes known as threshold doe

Tissue composition of the body in fat

The law of ____ states that the radiosensitivity of living tissue is a function of the metabolic and maturation of that tissue.

If the radiation response increases in severity with increasing radiation dose, it is called __ effect

Single target single hit model applies to biological targets EXCEPT.

Which of the following occurs when the cell dies before replication

Genetic material can change during the division process of genetic cells, which is called

A positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons in well-defined orbits is the ___ model of the atom

When water is irradiated, it dissociates into other molecular products; this action is called

Central nervous system death requires radiation doses in excess of

dose oxygen help low LET radiation

The ____ is the basic functional unit of all plants and animals

During the ____ period, the subject is free of visible effects

Agents that enhance the effect of radiation

The ___ in the body provide fuel for cell metabolism

Thymine and cytosine are

The endocrine glands produce

Dose for permanent sterility

Damage to what cells result in the earliest manifestation of radiation injury to the skin

Which of the following serve an fast for the body by providing energy

Which of the following is the simplest and most abundant molecule

What molecule exist both in the free state in the bound state, that is Bound to other molecules

Two general types of cells of the human body

Diagnostic x-ray have an RBE of

Responses usually follow high-dose exposure and an early response

Which of the following are purines

Is a measure of the rate that energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue.

The ___ period consists of acute clinical symptoms that occur with house of exposure and continue for up to a day or two.

With __ LET radiation, in the ___ of oxygen, the distance between ionizations and is so close that the probability of a hit by direct effect is high.

Radiation genetic damage follows a ___ dose response relationship.

Tissue is __ radiosensitive under high oxygen condition and __ radiosensitive under hypoxic condition.

Study of the genetics of cells, particularly cell chromosomes.

Human are most sensitive.

How many amino acids are used I protein synthesis.

Refers to the dose below which no harmful effects are likely to occur.

Molecules that are necessary in small quantities to allow biochemical to continue even through they do not directly enter.

Dose for temporary sterility.

When radiation interacts with the target a __ will occurred.

Which radiation effects have been observed in atomic bomb survivors?

With LET radiation in the oxygen, free radicals are formed are the volume effectiveness surrounding each ionizing is enlarged

If the incidence of the radiation response increases with increasing radiation, it is called ___ effect.

Human are most radiosensitive during.