Employs multiple measures before and after the experimental intervention

Use when intends to provide a quantitative or automatic description of trends, attitudes, or opinions

Obtains scores from two variable for each subject

Stand between the independent, independent variables

Depend on the independent variables, they are the outcomes of the influence of the independent variable

Main purpose is to serve, describe in document aspect of a situation as it course

A design with the least internal validity

Have human behavior in the society, racial conflicts and human evolution

Interested in understanding of a particular communication phenomena

Typically, the survey and the experiment

can ordered from smallest breath

Allows the researchers to control the situation

Involves comparing and contrasting two or more samples of study

The chance of failure of random assignment

Tends to predominantly observational Research based on surveys or Correlational studies

Evenly disappear range of numbers when there is an absolute zero

Use correlation coefficient to show how one variable medics one another

Our non-experimental designs that are used to investigate casual relationship

External variables are introduced, the variables are NOT deliberately manipulated

Serve us is starting point hypothesis generation theory or development

Values that lie along and evenly disappeared range of numbers

Variables where there is a meaningful order, but there is no measure distance between categories

Can contribute to the overall prediction in an equation

Can collect more data, either by scheduling more obeservations

Represents categories that cannot be ordered in any particular way

Those that are not actually measured or observed in the study

Can be as large as from negative infinity to positive infinity

Implementation of variety of methodologies forms of critical part of achieving the goal

Seeks ro access or judge In some way, providing information

Probably cause influence or affect outcomes