take place within the Earth that are responsible for the changes on the surface of the planet

The source of energy for these processes arises internally from the Earth, that is, from processes taking place within the earth.

is seen as an energy from the motion of the molecules of bodies such as Earth, that maybe transferred by conduction, convection, advection and radiation.

is a mixture of molten rocks, minerals and gases. This mixture is usually made up of a hot liquid base called melt, minerals crystallized by the melt, solid rocks incorporated into the melt from the surrounding confines and dissolved gases.

does not form in volcanoes, it is where they came out having been formed way below the surface of the planet.

Magma leaves the confine of the asthenosphere and crust into two major ways:

can intrude into low density area of another geologic form such as sedimentary rocks.

is a process whereby pluton which is an intrusion of magma rises from beneath the surface.

When it cools and hardens, this intrusion develop into pluton commonly known as

Lava, when cools, forms volcanic rock Lava, when cools, forms volcanic rock

The most abundant element in magma are oxygen and silicon collectively called as

it has the highest silica content of all. It has highest gas content and viscosity, low in iron, magnesium and calcium but high in potassium and sodium.

have higher silica content than mafic, it has higher gas content and higher viscosity.

has relatively low Silica content but high in iron and magnesium. It has low gas content and low viscosity.

it is the hottest and fastest flowing magma.

Types of Endogenous Processes

Rocks beneath the Earth's surface experiences equal pressure exerted on it from all directions because of the weight of the overlying rocks.

Stress due to tectonic forces

happens when rock is stretched apart or pulled apart. Crustal plates undergo diverging.

happens when rocks is pressed, squeezed or push together.

the rocks is being pulled in opposite direction.

refers to any change in the shape or size of rocks as response to stress. The deformation may occur by either folding or faulting.

in rocks occur when they are subjected to tectonic forces from opposite sides. Compressional causes squeezing, tensional stress causing stretching and shearing stress causes side to side movement.

It occurs when the horizontal layer are bent upward so that the limb of the folds are still horizontal.

are fold structure when the original rock layers have been folded downward and the limbs of the fold dip inward toward the hinge of the fold.it may form valleys.

are fold structure formed when the original rock layers have been folded upward and the two limbs of the fold dip away from the hinge of the fold. It my form mountains, hills por ridges.

are fractures in rocks that show little or no movement at all.

is the process of causing a fracture, breaks or cracks in rocks or layer of rocks due to shear forces applied that overcome the forces that holds them together and where the movement has occurred on either side of the fracture.

The rocks here on either side of the fault line move horizontally in opposite direction passing each other.

The rocks are divided into far side and a near side depending upon the reference point. If the far side moves to the left, it is called sinistral strike-slip fault. If the far side moves to the right it is Pause called dextral stike-slip fault.

The rocks on either side of the fault line are divided into footwall (underlying block) and hanging wall (overlying block). In the normal fault motion the hanging wall moves downward while the footwall moves upward

The rocks move in reverse direction compared to the normal fault. The hanging wall moves upward while the footwall moves downward.

This type of fault exhibit both vertical and horizontal movements. The hanging wall has dropped down and moved to horizontal to the right while the foot wall has moved upward and also horizontal to the left.

is the eruption of molten rock called magma onto Earth's surface through a vent.

is a vent on the surface of the Earth where magma is expelled during volcanic eruption.

is the primary material extruded from a volcano in addition to volcanic rocks, ash and dust during volcanic eruption.