問題一覧
1
Lipophylic remover process
apply penetrant,apply emulsifier,diffusion begins,diffusion complete ,rinsing with water
2
emulsification time for liphophilic
3 mins
3
works through detergent and surfactant. removes 60 to 80 surface layer.method D
hydropholic reaction
4
list hydropholic process?
Apply penetrant, Wash with water, Apply detergent, Agitate and mixed, Rinse, Clean surface
5
intermediate stage of penetrant removal
drying
6
methods of drying
wiping with lint free cloth evaporation at ambient evaporation at elevated force air circulation conbination
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process of bringin out of discontinuities through blotting action
development of penetrant
8
developers increase with visibility with used of what
visible white light or fluorescene
9
penetrant drawn back out of the defect by what action
revesed capillary action
10
penetrant pulled out from the defect by the developer forms what?
indication of defect
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Application form that is applied by air suspension, electrostatic spraying, dipping
Form A Dry powerder
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Non aqueous liquid are applied by what?
aerosol spray can
13
what is the function of developer
Extract penetrant, make the discontinuity visible, increase contrast
14
what is developer action
capillarity,light scattering,solvent action
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fluffy powder that is applied to dry test. Adaptive to rough surface Easiest to remove
Dry developer
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property of aqueous solution that able to mxied
Solution
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aqueous developer that are not mixed
suspensions
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Particles are held in suspension in water and require continious agitation
water suspendible developer
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a developer wich powder is dissolve in water forming a solition once moxed they remain mixed
water soluble developer
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Supplied as a dry concentrate and must be mixed and maintened at proper ratio
Water suspendible developer
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development of indication does not begin until moisture is completely evaporated
Aqueous (Form B and C)
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thickness and coating white color and work with visible eye
form c aqueous suspension
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a developer that has no vapor or dust but difficult to apply. required drying aplication
aqueous developer
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intended with use of spray only
non aqueous wet developer
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most sensitive type of developer
non aqueous wet developer
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usable with fluorecent or colour contrast
non aqueous developer
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dry powder sensitivity?
100-140%
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aqueous solution sensitivity?
110-150
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aqueous suspension sensitivity?
120-200
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non aqueous sensitivity range
120-240
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typical development dwell time?
10 mins
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light lux for colour contrast
1000 lux
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max light lux for fluorescent penetrant
20 lux
34
Uv light intensity at the test surface for fluorescent penetrant?
1000 uw/ cm2
35
wet developer begins as soon as the developer is what?
dry
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dry and non aqueous developer begins dwell time at what?
application
37
testing station are dependent on the following factors
type of penetrant, processing requirement, size of test object, quantity of test production
38
use to measure specific gravity
hydrometer
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use to measure concentration of hydrophilic emulsifier
refractometer
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what are the Visible dye kit?
solvent cleaner, penetrant remover, visible penetrant, brush, non aqueous wet developer, lint free wiping cloth, light meter
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fluorescne dye kit?
uv lamp, solvent cleaner, penetrant remover, fluorescent penetrant, brush, lint free cloth, hood to darken area for viewing
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fluorescent and electromagnetic spectrum absorbs at what range
300-400 uv
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fluorescent and electromagnetic spectrum emit at what range?
500 600 visible
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material with the ability to convert one wave length to another
fluorescent
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UV A source
Mercury Vapour arc lamp
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UV A ,B,c in order range
300-400, 200-300, 100-200
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Relevant indication are caused by what?
disconuities on the surface of a test object
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Classification of relevant indication
Continious line indications, Intermittent line indications, Round or dot indication
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Non relevant indications are caused by whats?
Surface irregularities, Test object configuration
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Degree of bleed out for continuos line indication depends on?
width and depth of indication, Penetrant and developer dwell time
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Intermittent line indication cause by what? similar as continuos line
Previous processing step, Partially subsurface
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Round or dot indications are cause by?
Porosity, Pinhole, Coarse grain structure
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What are the three genera categories of discontinuity
Inherent, processing, service
54
Type of welding defect by shape
longitudinal, transverse, branched
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type of welding defect by position
haz, center line, crater, fusion zone, parent metal
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Step like appearance that occur in haz or parent metal.Associated with restrained joints subjected through thickness stresses on corners, tees ,fillet. Requires high sulfur or non metallic inclusion
Lamellar tearing
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Irregular groove at the toe of weld run in the parent metal
undercut
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Imperpection at toe or root causing metal flowing on to the surface of the parent metal without fusing it
Overlap
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what type of defect welding is this
Toe overlap
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Type of shrinkage defect, it has the appearance of a gas pore
crater crack
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other term for crater crack
star crack
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Select contour defect
Incomplete filled groove, Poor cap profile, lack of sidewall fusion, excessive cap height
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Sample of root defects
Incomplete root fusion, Incomplete roof penetration, concave root, excessive root penetration
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Excessive penetration resulting in a hole in the root run
Burnthroug
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List of casting defects
non metallic inclusions, shrinkage, dendritic shrinkage, filamentary shrinkage, microshrinkage
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Two streams of liquid metal meet and fail to unite
Cold shuts
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Part of mould stuck to the casting
Scabs
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Excess of metal castings called what?
Fins
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Temperature at which liquid wil emit enough vapor, which will flash with small flame
flash point
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Ability to wet surface is measured by what?
contact angle
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high wetting ability contact angle
less than 90
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Penetrant ability to change rapidly
Volatility
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Ability of penetrant to hold sufficient dye in solution at ambient or high temp
Solubility
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Ability to remove penetrant
Solvent ability
75
Penetrant testing is not suitable for
Porous or absorbent materilas
76
Method A in removal of penetrant
water washable
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UV light unit of measure
microns W / cm2
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False indication are caused by
Improper technique, Lack of cleanliness, Contamination of wet or dry developer
79
Interuption in the normal structure
Discontinuity
80
Most important steps in penetrant testing
pre cleaning
81
Physcial surface preparation is used to remove what?
scale, slag, corrosion products, carbon
82
6 steps in penetrant testing
surface preparation, penetrant application, removal of excess penetrant, application of developer, inspection, post cleaning
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Penetrant system classification?
Type of penetrant, Penetrant sensitivity level, Method of penetrant removal, Type of developer
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why pre cleaning is important
liquid penetrant test will be ineffective, harmful effect on test object
85
Solvent cleaning method
Immersion, Brush, Wiped, Spray
86
Accomplished by the use of immersion tanks and or detergent solution
Detergent cleaning
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Type of cleaning method that does not require rinse or drying step
Vapor degreasin
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Time allowed for the penetrant to be on the surface
Dwell time
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At this temp, penetrant may evaporate , dries or flash
high temp
90
Pentrant is more viscous at this temp,sluggish,longer contact
low temp
91
water washable spraying distance?
6 to 24
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Prohibited in lipophiloc emulsification
brush or spray not permitted, agitation
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Emulsification process which is applied by immersion or brush
Hydrophilic
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Dry developer dwell time
10 mins to 4 hrs
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Water washable developer dwell time
10 mins to 2H
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tendency of substance to evaporate
volatility
97
Materials used in penetrant
Penetrant, Emulsifier, Solven removers or cleaner, Developer