問題一覧
1
DNA wrapped around proteins to form a thread-like structure when cell not divide
2
When cell about to divide, the chromatin coils tighten
3
Is a double-stranded molecule, sides are made of sugar phosphate backbone with base pairs determining genetic information
4
Chromosomes are made up of DNA, which has genes. Genes are instructions to make proteins
5
Cell division is a process where cell divides into 2 daughter cells,each with full genetic information
6
Making copys of DNA
7
region of chromosome that holds together sister chromatids
8
are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. They shorten with each cell division, contributing to aging
9
Telomeres, replication origins, and centromere
10
Protects chromosome
11
Ensures each chromosomes is copied
12
Separates chromatids during division
13
forming higher-order arrays.CENP-B box aids kinetochore assembly needed for division
14
bridge connects chromosome to spindle fibers,ensuring that chromosomes are properly separated during division (inner connect chromosome , outer connect spindle fibers )
15
Telomerase adds DNA repeats to chromosome ends, maintaining stability and preventing aging.
16
like unzipping a zipper to connect to new strands to create identical copies for new cells.
17
are proteins that package DNA into nucleosomes
18
basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes
19
DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which are compacted with non-histone proteins into chromatin, compacting DNA to fit in nucleus
20
• nucleosome core has 8 histone proteins • linker DNA that separates nucleosome core length's can be from a few nucleotide pairs to 80. • double-stranded DNA is 147 nucleotide pairs long • protein core made of eight histone molecules
21
histone octamer is wrapped around each other to form core.DNA then wrapped around core,forming nucleosome.N-terminal tails of histones stick out from nucleosome and impacting how tightly DNA packaging
22
how tightly DNA is packaged and how genes are expressed.
23
alters DNA structure. Acetylation loosens, methylation tightens DNA thread.
24
One DNA laid end to end, they would reach 2 meters
25
process of organizing DNA into compact structures to fit within nucleus
26
During mitosis,DNA is tightly packed into chromosomes to ensure accurate passing to daughter cells
27
Scientists use fluorescent probes binding to DNA to visualize chromosome structure,used to study regions of it
28
DNA loops and domains compact effectively, controlling gene expression, preserving genome structure
29
Genes closer to the centre are less active and vise versa
30
double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a cell. It protects the cell's DNA and controls the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus.
31
Gate that allows molecules to go into nucleus
32
Indicate proteins to enter nucleus
33
proteins that bind to NLS on cargo proteins. going to nuclear pore to drop it then repeating the process
34
Less active form, found in the cytoplasm.
35
More active form, found in the nucleus.
36
protein that converts Ran-GDP to Ran-GTP in the nucleus
37
converts Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP in the cytoplasm
38
binds to importins to release cargo protein
39
Importin binds to cargo with NLS and Ran-GTP.enters nucleus. Inside, Ran-GTP is broken to Ran-GDP, releasing the cargo.
40
Exportin binds to cargo with NES and Ran-GTP.exits nucleus. Outside, Ran-GTP is broken to Ran-GDP, releasing the cargo.
41
protein that controls gene expression.
42
NF-AT is normally inactive in the cytoplasm. When calcium levels rise, calcineurin removes phosphate groups from NF-AT, exposing a nuclear import signal. NF-AT then enters the nucleus and activates gene transcription by binding to DNA.
43
Regulates cholesterol levels
44
High cholesterol: SREBP is inactive, no cholesterol creation. Low cholesterol: SCAP senses low cholesterol, SCAP senses low cholesterol, activates SREBP. SREBP enters nucleus, activates cholesterol creates genes.
45
* Lamins are phosphorylated. * Nuclear envelope breaks down. * Lamins are dephosphorylated. * Nuclear envelope reforms.
46
protein network that supports nuclear envelope.helps maintain nuclear shape and organizes chromatin.
47
Lamins are rod-shaped proteins having tail domain and globular head that form dimers. These dimers assemble into nuclear lamina
48
Interact with membrane proteins like LBR, LAP2, Man-1, Emerin, and LAP1 to anchor nuclear lamina to inner nuclear membrane.
49
Mutations in lamin A gene can cause various genetic disorders like muscular dystrophies,skeletal abnormalities,accelerated aging,nerve disorders.
50
nucleus contains many subnuclear structures,like nucleoli for ribosome production,speckles for RNA processing,PML bodies for gene regulation,Cajal bodies for RNA modification.
51
is the site of ribosome biogenesis.
52
rDNA transcription
53
rRNA processing
54
ribosome assembly
55
FRAP experiments show that chromatin is relatively static, while nucleolar components are highly dynamic.
56
a protein network that organizes chromosomes and other nuclear components.
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77問 • 1ヶ月前問題一覧
1
DNA wrapped around proteins to form a thread-like structure when cell not divide
2
When cell about to divide, the chromatin coils tighten
3
Is a double-stranded molecule, sides are made of sugar phosphate backbone with base pairs determining genetic information
4
Chromosomes are made up of DNA, which has genes. Genes are instructions to make proteins
5
Cell division is a process where cell divides into 2 daughter cells,each with full genetic information
6
Making copys of DNA
7
region of chromosome that holds together sister chromatids
8
are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. They shorten with each cell division, contributing to aging
9
Telomeres, replication origins, and centromere
10
Protects chromosome
11
Ensures each chromosomes is copied
12
Separates chromatids during division
13
forming higher-order arrays.CENP-B box aids kinetochore assembly needed for division
14
bridge connects chromosome to spindle fibers,ensuring that chromosomes are properly separated during division (inner connect chromosome , outer connect spindle fibers )
15
Telomerase adds DNA repeats to chromosome ends, maintaining stability and preventing aging.
16
like unzipping a zipper to connect to new strands to create identical copies for new cells.
17
are proteins that package DNA into nucleosomes
18
basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes
19
DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which are compacted with non-histone proteins into chromatin, compacting DNA to fit in nucleus
20
• nucleosome core has 8 histone proteins • linker DNA that separates nucleosome core length's can be from a few nucleotide pairs to 80. • double-stranded DNA is 147 nucleotide pairs long • protein core made of eight histone molecules
21
histone octamer is wrapped around each other to form core.DNA then wrapped around core,forming nucleosome.N-terminal tails of histones stick out from nucleosome and impacting how tightly DNA packaging
22
how tightly DNA is packaged and how genes are expressed.
23
alters DNA structure. Acetylation loosens, methylation tightens DNA thread.
24
One DNA laid end to end, they would reach 2 meters
25
process of organizing DNA into compact structures to fit within nucleus
26
During mitosis,DNA is tightly packed into chromosomes to ensure accurate passing to daughter cells
27
Scientists use fluorescent probes binding to DNA to visualize chromosome structure,used to study regions of it
28
DNA loops and domains compact effectively, controlling gene expression, preserving genome structure
29
Genes closer to the centre are less active and vise versa
30
double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a cell. It protects the cell's DNA and controls the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus.
31
Gate that allows molecules to go into nucleus
32
Indicate proteins to enter nucleus
33
proteins that bind to NLS on cargo proteins. going to nuclear pore to drop it then repeating the process
34
Less active form, found in the cytoplasm.
35
More active form, found in the nucleus.
36
protein that converts Ran-GDP to Ran-GTP in the nucleus
37
converts Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP in the cytoplasm
38
binds to importins to release cargo protein
39
Importin binds to cargo with NLS and Ran-GTP.enters nucleus. Inside, Ran-GTP is broken to Ran-GDP, releasing the cargo.
40
Exportin binds to cargo with NES and Ran-GTP.exits nucleus. Outside, Ran-GTP is broken to Ran-GDP, releasing the cargo.
41
protein that controls gene expression.
42
NF-AT is normally inactive in the cytoplasm. When calcium levels rise, calcineurin removes phosphate groups from NF-AT, exposing a nuclear import signal. NF-AT then enters the nucleus and activates gene transcription by binding to DNA.
43
Regulates cholesterol levels
44
High cholesterol: SREBP is inactive, no cholesterol creation. Low cholesterol: SCAP senses low cholesterol, SCAP senses low cholesterol, activates SREBP. SREBP enters nucleus, activates cholesterol creates genes.
45
* Lamins are phosphorylated. * Nuclear envelope breaks down. * Lamins are dephosphorylated. * Nuclear envelope reforms.
46
protein network that supports nuclear envelope.helps maintain nuclear shape and organizes chromatin.
47
Lamins are rod-shaped proteins having tail domain and globular head that form dimers. These dimers assemble into nuclear lamina
48
Interact with membrane proteins like LBR, LAP2, Man-1, Emerin, and LAP1 to anchor nuclear lamina to inner nuclear membrane.
49
Mutations in lamin A gene can cause various genetic disorders like muscular dystrophies,skeletal abnormalities,accelerated aging,nerve disorders.
50
nucleus contains many subnuclear structures,like nucleoli for ribosome production,speckles for RNA processing,PML bodies for gene regulation,Cajal bodies for RNA modification.
51
is the site of ribosome biogenesis.
52
rDNA transcription
53
rRNA processing
54
ribosome assembly
55
FRAP experiments show that chromatin is relatively static, while nucleolar components are highly dynamic.
56
a protein network that organizes chromosomes and other nuclear components.