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問題一覧
1
The price gap represents the trade costs, such as transportation costs and trade taxes.
2
Attempts by countries to address their unemployment problems after the 1929 Great Depression seem to have led to a decline in globalization.
3
The graph suggests that commodity market integration over the past 150 years was one of interrupted integration.
4
An increase in the official aid payment sent to other countries means a lower current account.
5
In the decade prior to the First World War, the number of immigrants was higher than the number of births minus the number of deaths.
6
Greta can consume 3,750 apples and 2,500 tonnes of wheat but will choose not to do so.
7
Carlos trades 4,000 of his apples for 2,000 tonnes of Greta’s wheat.
8
Jose has an absolute advantage in the production of both melons and oranges.
9
With trade and specialization, Jose will specialize in the production of oranges while Alex will specialize in the production of melons.
10
In the US, the employers are better off while the workers are worse off as a result of trade.
11
With lower unemployment, workers demand higher wages for high effort, resulting in a higher price-setting curve.
12
With the rise in productivity, the firms expand employment resulting in a lower unemployment rate.
13
Wealth is much more unequally distributed than earnings in all three countries.
14
Sweden attains its relatively equal disposable income distribution through its system of taxes and transfers.
15
the Russian Revolution
16
The high wage occupations with projected job growth are either in human services or occupations in which digital information processing has greatly increased the productivity of high skill workers.
17
In the US, 7.4% of those from the poorest 20% of families managed to move up to become part of the richest 20%.
18
Between D and F, lower income for the poor leads also to lower income for the rich.
19
Endowments are facts about an individual that may affect his or her income.
20
The ‘gig economy’ is not part of the primary labour market.
21
There was a minimal negative effect on employment.
22
inherited IQ
23
Providing high-quality education to citizens is a way of raising the endowments of less well off people.
24
Innovation comprises of both invention and diffusion.
25
The successes of Silicon Valley and German innovation systems are both due to the relationships among all of the actors (owners, employees, governments and financiers) that promote innovation.
26
Firm A will choose to innovate if the probability of Firm B investing is 75% or less.
27
With positive first copy cost and constant marginal cost, the firm’s average cost will always be above its marginal cost.
28
An initial number of 2,000 seekers and 800 posters would result in an equilibrium of 1,800 seekers and 700 apartments posted.
29
Trademarks give the owners of a registered design the right to exclude others from using it.
30
At the point that the patent expires, the patent owner ‘falls off a patent cliff’ where they lose innovation rents.
31
The downward sloping part of the graph demonstrates the trade-off between greater incentive to innovate from higher innovation rent income and the disincentive for potential innovators from using patented knowledge.
32
subsidizing the supply of inputs to innovation, such as public infrastructure, research and education, to alleviate the coordination problem of complementary innovations
33
establishing a patent system to address high first copy costs of knowledge-intensive innovations
34
The government could support innovation by setting up a scheme that awards a prize for successful development of a solution to a specific problem.
35
The government can fund early-stage research, through government agencies such as the military or universities, that can then be used for commercial applications.