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Introduction to Computer Chapter 3: Operating Systems

ненавижу свою жизнь

Introduction to Computer Chapter 3: Operating Systems
48問 • 1年前ненавижу свою жизнь
  • t1bial
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Operating System-?

    software that controls overall operation if computer

  • 2

    functions of OS:

    oversee operation of computer, store and retrieve files, schedule programs for execution, coordinate the execution of programs

  • 3

    ?- collecting jobs in a single batch, then executing them whithout further interaction with user

    batch processing

  • 4

    ?- is a storage organization in which objecte are ordered in FIFO

    queue

  • 5

    FIFO-?

    first-in, first-out

  • 6

    what is the main drawback of batch processing?

    user has no interaction with their jobs

  • 7

    executes program to carry on a dialogue with user through remote terminal

    interactive processing

  • 8

    ?- multiple users sharing access to a common computer

    time-sharing

  • 9

    ?- mostly, one user executing numerous tasks simultaneously

    multitasking

  • 10

    multiprocessor machine

    load balancing, scaling

  • 11

    ?- dynamically allocating tasks to processors

    load balancing

  • 12

    ?-breaking tasks into a number of subtasks

    scaling

  • 13

    types of software:

    application sofware, system software

  • 14

    system software consists of:

    utility software, operating system software

  • 15

    operating system consists of:

    user interface, kernel

  • 16

    kernel consists of:

    file manager, device drivers, memory manager, scheduler and dispatcher

  • 17

    1)__ acts as intermediary between 2)__ and operating system 3)__

    user interface, users, kernel

  • 18

    ?- coordinates the use of machine’s mass storage facilities

    file manager

  • 19

    a user-created bundle of file and other directories (subdirectories)

    directory

  • 20

    a sequence of directories within directories

    directory path

  • 21

    software that communicates with the controllers (or directly with peripheral devices) to carry out operations on thr peripheral devices:

    device driver

  • 22

    allocates space in main memory

    memory manager

  • 23

    what is the is process called?

    paging

  • 24

    This large “fictional” memory space created by paging is called ____

    virtual memory

  • 25

    procedure that transfers the operating system from mass storage (where it is permanently stored) into main memory?

    boot strapping

  • 26

    a small portion of a computer’s main memory where the CPU expects to find its initial program is constructed from special nonvolatile memory cells. Such memory is known as ____

    read-only memory

  • 27

    In a general-purpose computer, a program called the boot loader is permanently stored in the machine’s ____

    ROM

  • 28

    what is this process called?

    booting

  • 29

    a program is ___

    a static set of instructions

  • 30

    activity of executing a program under control of OS

    process

  • 31

    current status of the activity

    process state

  • 32

    1) allows multiple processes to be loaded into executable memory at a time and the loaded process shares CPU 2) mantaines a record of processes present 3) adds new processes to the process table and removes complete processes from the process table

    scheduler

  • 33

    1) oversees the execution of scheduled processes 2) controls the allocation of time slices to the processes in the process table 3) the end of a time slice is signaled by an interrupt

    dispatcher

  • 34

    time period is called

    time slice

  • 35

    If each time slice in a multiprogramming system is 50 milliseconds and each context switch requires at most a microsecond, how many processes can the machine service in a single second?

    19

  • 36

    If each time slice in a multiprogramming system is 50 milliseconds and each context switch requires at most a microsecond, how many processes can the machine service in a single second?

    19

  • 37

    types of multitasking:

    preemptive multitasking, cooperative multitasking

  • 38

    what is this ?

    preemptive multitasking

  • 39

    what is this?

    cooperative multitasking

  • 40

    A “control flag” used to tell if a resource is availablr or in use

    semaphore

  • 41

    retrieve, note the value of flag, and set the flag in single instruction

    test-and-set instruction

  • 42

    section of a program where shared memory is accessed

    critical region

  • 43

    a group of instructions that should be executed bu onlu one process at a time

    critical region

  • 44

    the requirement that only one process at a time be allowed to execute a critical region is

    mutual exclusion

  • 45

    processes block each other from progressing

    deadlock

  • 46

    conditions thst result in deadlock:

    competition for non-sharable resources, resources requested on a partial basis, an allocated resource can not be forcibly retrieved

  • 47

    most computer systems today are protected by using a ___

    login system

  • 48

    attacks from outside can be caused by:

    insecure passwords, sniffing software

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Operating System-?

    software that controls overall operation if computer

  • 2

    functions of OS:

    oversee operation of computer, store and retrieve files, schedule programs for execution, coordinate the execution of programs

  • 3

    ?- collecting jobs in a single batch, then executing them whithout further interaction with user

    batch processing

  • 4

    ?- is a storage organization in which objecte are ordered in FIFO

    queue

  • 5

    FIFO-?

    first-in, first-out

  • 6

    what is the main drawback of batch processing?

    user has no interaction with their jobs

  • 7

    executes program to carry on a dialogue with user through remote terminal

    interactive processing

  • 8

    ?- multiple users sharing access to a common computer

    time-sharing

  • 9

    ?- mostly, one user executing numerous tasks simultaneously

    multitasking

  • 10

    multiprocessor machine

    load balancing, scaling

  • 11

    ?- dynamically allocating tasks to processors

    load balancing

  • 12

    ?-breaking tasks into a number of subtasks

    scaling

  • 13

    types of software:

    application sofware, system software

  • 14

    system software consists of:

    utility software, operating system software

  • 15

    operating system consists of:

    user interface, kernel

  • 16

    kernel consists of:

    file manager, device drivers, memory manager, scheduler and dispatcher

  • 17

    1)__ acts as intermediary between 2)__ and operating system 3)__

    user interface, users, kernel

  • 18

    ?- coordinates the use of machine’s mass storage facilities

    file manager

  • 19

    a user-created bundle of file and other directories (subdirectories)

    directory

  • 20

    a sequence of directories within directories

    directory path

  • 21

    software that communicates with the controllers (or directly with peripheral devices) to carry out operations on thr peripheral devices:

    device driver

  • 22

    allocates space in main memory

    memory manager

  • 23

    what is the is process called?

    paging

  • 24

    This large “fictional” memory space created by paging is called ____

    virtual memory

  • 25

    procedure that transfers the operating system from mass storage (where it is permanently stored) into main memory?

    boot strapping

  • 26

    a small portion of a computer’s main memory where the CPU expects to find its initial program is constructed from special nonvolatile memory cells. Such memory is known as ____

    read-only memory

  • 27

    In a general-purpose computer, a program called the boot loader is permanently stored in the machine’s ____

    ROM

  • 28

    what is this process called?

    booting

  • 29

    a program is ___

    a static set of instructions

  • 30

    activity of executing a program under control of OS

    process

  • 31

    current status of the activity

    process state

  • 32

    1) allows multiple processes to be loaded into executable memory at a time and the loaded process shares CPU 2) mantaines a record of processes present 3) adds new processes to the process table and removes complete processes from the process table

    scheduler

  • 33

    1) oversees the execution of scheduled processes 2) controls the allocation of time slices to the processes in the process table 3) the end of a time slice is signaled by an interrupt

    dispatcher

  • 34

    time period is called

    time slice

  • 35

    If each time slice in a multiprogramming system is 50 milliseconds and each context switch requires at most a microsecond, how many processes can the machine service in a single second?

    19

  • 36

    If each time slice in a multiprogramming system is 50 milliseconds and each context switch requires at most a microsecond, how many processes can the machine service in a single second?

    19

  • 37

    types of multitasking:

    preemptive multitasking, cooperative multitasking

  • 38

    what is this ?

    preemptive multitasking

  • 39

    what is this?

    cooperative multitasking

  • 40

    A “control flag” used to tell if a resource is availablr or in use

    semaphore

  • 41

    retrieve, note the value of flag, and set the flag in single instruction

    test-and-set instruction

  • 42

    section of a program where shared memory is accessed

    critical region

  • 43

    a group of instructions that should be executed bu onlu one process at a time

    critical region

  • 44

    the requirement that only one process at a time be allowed to execute a critical region is

    mutual exclusion

  • 45

    processes block each other from progressing

    deadlock

  • 46

    conditions thst result in deadlock:

    competition for non-sharable resources, resources requested on a partial basis, an allocated resource can not be forcibly retrieved

  • 47

    most computer systems today are protected by using a ___

    login system

  • 48

    attacks from outside can be caused by:

    insecure passwords, sniffing software