1. threading 2. riveting 3. bolting 4. swaging 5. welding

“moisture and liquids can seep through the cracks and breaks in the lining causing corrosion in cargo hold” ; also leading to damage to passenger cabin lining “affects passenger safety”

fibreglass honeycomb panels are typically used in the sidewalls and ceilings of both cabin and cargo holds for passenger aircraft. “lightweight but rigid and susceptible to impact damage”

can lead to catastrophic structural failure

an aerodynamically induced vibration of a wing, tail or control surface that can result in STRUCTURAL failure in a matter of seconds

additional feature incorporated in the flight control system that reduces the load on the pilot to move control surfaces

“the ability of a stationary object to balance” 3 forms refers to the ability of a stationary object to balance when suspended from it;s own C of G When suspended from it’s hinge axis 1 of 3 conditions may exist; 1. Control Surface is Balanced - remains horizontal, it’s C of G is located on the hinge axis 2. Over Balanced - the TE rises, nose heavy condition, weight must be removed 3. Under Balanced - the TE sinks, tail heavy, add weight

most common methods to reduce manoeuvre stick force are; 1. hinge balance 2. horn balance 3. internal balance 4. balance tab 5. anti balance tab 6. spring tab 7. servo tab

an aerodynamic balance can be built into the control surface by inserting the hinge line closer to the “center of pressure” of the control surface

control surfaces can be aerodynamically balanced by designing a portion of the control surface to be ahead of the hinge line. 1. when control surface is deflected the horn balance will produce an OPPOSING moment to the hinge moment 2. reduces force required to operate control surface”

“aerodynamic balance of a control surface can be achieved internally without incurring any additional drag” 1. the leading edge of the control surface of an internal balance is shaped such that it has a projection called balance panel 2. balance panel connected by flexible diaphragm within a sealed chamber on a fixed part of A/C structure. 3. usually attached to spar 4. diaphragm divides the sealed chamber in two

reduces the force required to operate control surface by reducing primary control surface and causing drag by deflecting in the opposite direction to primary control surface

“will deflect in the same direction of primary control surface increasing aerodynamic loading”

“to ensure the balance tab is only effective when it is required, the operating lever of the balance tab system is pivoted through a spring mounted on the elevator main control surface”

1. tab moves in opposite direction of the control surface 2. has leverage advantage, located well AFT of surface hinge line 3. can deflect control surface in opposite direction 4. reduces control force required by pilot when moving controls

1. spur drill bits 2. hole saws 3. chassis punches 4. step drill / uni-bit

1. deburing tools 2. files 3. sheet abrasives 4. nylon scrubbing pads

flush repair is heavier, due to added filler

“in order to show the exact size and shape of all the parts of complex objects, a number of views are required” • 6 possible views in orthographic projection, because all objects have 6 sides

1. an authorized document drawn be design engineer to produce component on shop floor 2. a complete working drawing representing all details of the product, regarding size, shape, material, process, tools, equipment

“description of an object made up of two or more parts” 1. describes the object by stating size and shape in a general way 2. primary purpose is to show relationship of various parts 3. more complex drawing

“does not indicate the location of individual components in the aircraft, but locate components with respect to each other within the system” •often used for trouble shooting, used extensively in aircraft manuals

“ uses a combination views of an orthographic projection and tilts the object forward so that portions of all THREE views can be seen in ONE view”

1. similar to isometric view 2. two of the three drawing axes are always at right angles to each other

1. perspective view shows an object as it appears to an observer 2. resembles the way an object would look in a photograph

“to ensure safety of their B747-100 aircraft” •approach moved away from tradition of “overhaul and replace at time intervals” to one that considered the type of task and intervals needed to keep A/C safe saved time and money

“a tool consisting of steel or plastic pins set tightly against each other, used for recording the CROSS SECTION of a shape surface”

1. Rockwell 2. Brinell 3. Vickers

ferrous metals

so that stress concentrations are reduced

1. visual inspection (GVI) 2. magnifying device 3. light source 4. NDI

the sum of the plus and minus allowance figures gives tolerance, ex. 0.225 + 0.0025 / - 0.0005, the plus and minus figures indicate what is acceptable if it is not more than 0.0025 larger than the 0.225 given dimension, or not more than 0.0005 smaller than the .225 dimension

1. a description of a single part 2. describing by lines, notes, and symbols the specifications for size, shape, material and methods of manufacture used in making part

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chassis punch

“if left can cause cracking and possible failure” • ensure the repair looks nice, sharp edges can hurt passengers and personnel working on plane

SRM, ensure the damage is negligible/ allowable, repairable or non-repairable AMM overhaul manual (OHM), service bulletins (SB) AC.43.13-1b/2b transport Canada advisory documents

a skin repair should not end at a frame🚫 unless it is at a butt joint between two major fuselage sections.

yes, a skin repair at a stringer can be either a flush or an external repair. “normally the repair will extend one row past the stiffener to avoid any stress riser”

a tool used to measure the radius of an object. “requires a bright light behind the object to be measured”

depth gauge

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true

1. damaged skin area is replaced with filler 2. doubler is placed on the inner side of the skin surface 3. fasteners are countersunk

1. damaged skin area is not replaced 2. doubler is placed on outer side of the skin surface 3. fasteners are countersunk, unless repair calls for protruding ones

external repair is faster

1. tension 2. compression 3. shear 4. bending 5. torsion

True, skin repair must extend one row past a frame

patching , splicing

aluminum sheet metal panels

gillfab

polish (something, especially metal) by rubbing

cracking and skin failure

1. thickness of sheet of metal 2. repair instructions 3. SRM to determine drill size