問題一覧
1
Transporter that can reduces the therapeutic effect of drugs
Multidrug resistance protein-1 (MDR1), Multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1)
2
Frog (Dendrobates) skin
Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor
3
Funnel web spider
block Ca2+ channels
4
Amanita phalloides
inhibits RNA polymerase
5
The Molecular weight of small molecules drugs
smaller than 500 KDa
6
Drug delivery system (5)
Oral, Parenteral, Nasal, Pulmonary, Transdermal
7
Biochemical pathway toxins （2examples)
Carbon monoxide, Cyanide
8
Routes of drug administration (9)
Oral, Sublingual , Rectal, Inhalation, Topical, Transdermal, Subcutaneous, Intravenous , Intramuscular
9
What is NSAIDs
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
10
Digitalis lanata
Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor
11
Puffer fish
blocks Na+ channels
12
Atropine belladonna
blocks muscarinic AChR
13
Consideratons of drug delivery system
Phsico-chemical properties of drugs, Body effects and interaction, Improvement of drug effect, Patient comfort and well being
14
Sources of drugs (3)
Natural, Synthetic, Biosynthetic
15
Extended-release metformin
Taken once daily with food, Only for adults, Fewer side effects such as diarrhea and vomiting
16
What is HTS
High-throughput screening
17
Cholera vibrio
activates Ga5 proteins
18
Pharmacokinetics (4)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
19
The non-ionized form
Lipid soluble
20
Factors affecting distribution (4)
The blood flow to the tissue, Solubility of the drug in the tissue, Binding of drug to macromolecules, The ability to cross special barriers
21
Biosynthesis of drugs
Human insulin production
22
Chemical bonds or forces (3)
Covalent bond, Hydrophobic interaction, Electrostatic force
23
Green mamba snakes
block k+ channels
24
Synthetic source of drug (example)
Chemical synthesis (Aspirin)
25
Immediate-release metformin
Taken twice daily, Treat type II diabetes in both adults and children, Never be crushed or broken
26
Clostridium botulinum
inhibits synaptic protein
27
Oxidation
losing electron
28
Component of transdermal devices
Drug, Drug release membrane, Contact adhesive, Backing
29
Purpose of drugs
Diagnosis of diseases, Prevention of diseases, Control or cure of diseases
30
Bordetella pertussis
inhibits Ga i/o proteins
31
Factors affecting duration of drug in the body (8)
Physico-chemical properties of drug, Dosage form, Excipients, Site of absorption of the administered drug, Co-administration of other drugs, Types of food taken by the patients, Age and genetic composition of the patient, Disease state of the patient may affect ADME profile of drugs
32
Types of drugs (4)
Prescription of drugs, Non-prescription drugs, Recreational drugs, Food supplements
33
Organ-directed toxicity (6)
Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, GI toxicity, Teeth discoloration , Retardation of bone growth, Cardiotoxicity
34
Mechanisms of action of toxins (6)
Receptors , Organ-directed toxicity, Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, Teratogenicity, Biochemical pathway toxins, Allergic response
35
Natural sources of drugs (4)
Plant (Opioid), Animal (Heparin), Microorganisms (Antibiotics), Inorganic compounds (Zinc oxide)
36
Two core components of drug formulation
Active pharmaceutical ingredient, Excipient
37
Dosage form of drugs (naturally effect)
Particle size, Chemical nature