PER DEV MIDTERM
問題一覧
1
is life a costume party?
Person
2
Constants, Changes, Challenges,
Choices
Personality
3
Nexus of Nature
and Culture
Determinants of personality
4
characteristic way of
thinking, feeling, and
behaving
Personality
5
Embraces moods, attitudes,
and opinions and is most
clearly expressed in
interactions with other people
Personality
6
Includes behavioral
characteristics, both inherent
and acquired, that distinguish one person from another.
Personality
7
Enduring characteristics and behavior that comprise a
person’s unique adjustment to life, including major traits,
interests, drives, values, self-concept, abilities, and
emotional patterns
Personality
8
Socially consequential features
of a person’s psychological
makeup that distinguish him or
her from other human beings.
Who we are
9
Pertains to personality itself.
Who we are
10
Pertains to development.
How do we become
11
Factors that were determined
at conception. Physical stature, facial
attractiveness, sex, temperament, muscle
composition and reflexes, energy level,
and biological rhythm
Heredity
12
Preliminary results from the
electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)
research give an indication that a better
understanding of human personality and
behaviour might come from the study of
the brain.
Brain
13
involuntary
functions can be consciously
controlled through biofeedback
techniques through electronic
signals that are feedback from
equipment that is wired to the
body
Biofeedback
14
The fact that a
person is tall or short, fat or
skinny, black or white will
influence the person’s effect on
others and this, in turn, will affect
the self-concept.
Physical features
15
The culture in which we are raised,
early conditioning, norms prevailing
within the family, friends, and social
groups and other miscellaneous
experiences that impact us
Cultural factors
16
culture largely determines
attitudes towards independence,
aggression, competition, cooperation
and a host of other human responses
Cultural factors
17
It is the ______, and later the social
group, which selects, interprets, and
dispenses the culture.
Family factors
18
probably has the most
significant impact on early
personality development.
Family
19
under family factors The overall home environment
created by the _____, in addition to
their direct influence, is critical to
personality development.
parents
20
Socialization involves the
process by which a person
acquires, from the enormously
wide range of behavioural
potentialities that are open to
him or her, those that are
ultimately synthesized and
absorbed
Social Factors
21
Socialization starts with the
initial contact between a mother
and her new infant.
Social Factors
22
Knowledge, skill and language are
obviously acquired and represent
important modifications of behavior.
“Situation exerts an important press on
the individual. It exercises constraints
and may provide a push. In certain
circumstances, it is not so much the kind
of person a man is, as the kind of
situation in which he is placed that
determines his actions”
-
Situational factors
23
Traditionally used to describe family
relationships—for example, that a
three-generation household includes
grandparents, parents, and children.
Generations
24
It is now more commonly used to
refer to social generations: those
born around the same time who
experienced roughly the same
culture growing up
Generation
25
A worldview that places more
emphasis on the individual self and
values freedom, independence, and
equality.
Individualism
26
Technology makes individualism
possible
Individualism
27
Modern citizens have the time to
focus on themselves and their own
needs and desires because technology
has relieved us of the drudgery of life.
Individualism
28
Because of technology, it takes longer to grow up,
and longer to grow older.
A slower lufe
29
It is not about the pace of our everyday lives.
A slower life
30
It is about when people reach milestones of
adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
A slower life
31
Slower life trajectories are all ultimately caused by
technology: modern medical care (which lengthens
life spans), birth control (allowing people to have
fewer children), labor-saving devices (which slow
aging), and a knowledge-based economy (which
requires more years of education).
A slower life
32
Emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences and the
unconscious mind
Psychoanalytic perspective
33
Created by psychiatrist Sigmund Freud who believed that things
hidden in the unconscious could be revealed in several different ways:
dreams, free association, slips of the tongue, etc.
Psychoanalytic perspective
34
mind is divided into three parts:
Conscious mind preconscious mind unconscious mind
35
thoughts
and feelings that can be brought into conscious awareness
Preconscious mind
36
thoughts and
feelings we are currently aware of
Conscious mind
37
hidden thoughts, desires, and memories that
influence behavior
Unconscious mind
38
Stressed the importance of early
childhood events, the influence of
the unconscious, and sexual instincts
in the development and formation of
personality
Sigmund Freud
39
most influential idea is the
concept of the unconscious mind,
which posits that hidden thoughts,
desires, and memories shape human
behavior and personality.
Sigmund Freud
40
Emphasized the social elements
of personality development, the
identity crisis, and how
personality is shaped over the
course of the entire lifespan
Erik Erikson
41
Erikson's most notable idea is the
______
Theory of psychosocial development
42
Focused on concepts
such as the collective
unconscious, archetypes,
and psychological types
Carl jung
43
he believes that the
archetypes are layers of
inherited memory, and
they constitute the
entirety of the human
experience.
Carl Jung
44
Jung rejected the theory of human psychological development, which
suggests that people are born as a "blank slate"
Tabula rasa
45
archetypes are innate potentials that are expressed in
human behavior and experiences
Jungian psychology
46
Believed the core motive
behind personality involves
striving for superiority, or the
desire to overcome
challenges and move closer
toward self
-realization.
Alfred Adler
47
This desire to achieve
superiority stems from
underlying feelings of
inferiority that Adler believed
were universal
Alfred Adler
48
posits that humans are
primarily motivated by social connectedness and a striving for
superiority or success.
Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology
49
Focused on the need to
overcome basic anxiety,
the sense of being isolated
and alone in the world
Karen horney
50
She emphasized the
societal and cultural factors
that also play a role in
personality, including the
importance of the parent
-
child relationship
Karen horney
51
Humanistic psychology works with the assumption that human
beings possess free will and can therefore be motivated to
achieve their full potential.
Humanistic perspective
52
Humanistic
Perspective Major
Theorists
Carl Rogers , Abraham Maslow
53
Our self-perception is important because it affects
our_____. ______ ______
motivations, attitudes, and behaviors.
54
Suggested that people are
motivated by a hierarchy of
needs
Abraham Maslow
55
It is centered on identifying, describing, and measuring the
specific traits that make up human personality
Traits perspective
56
By understanding these traits, researchers believe they can better
comprehend the differences between individuals.
Traits perspective
57
are individual beliefs that
motivate people to act one way or
another. They serve as a guide for
human behavior
Morality
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61問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
is life a costume party?
Person
2
Constants, Changes, Challenges,
Choices
Personality
3
Nexus of Nature
and Culture
Determinants of personality
4
characteristic way of
thinking, feeling, and
behaving
Personality
5
Embraces moods, attitudes,
and opinions and is most
clearly expressed in
interactions with other people
Personality
6
Includes behavioral
characteristics, both inherent
and acquired, that distinguish one person from another.
Personality
7
Enduring characteristics and behavior that comprise a
person’s unique adjustment to life, including major traits,
interests, drives, values, self-concept, abilities, and
emotional patterns
Personality
8
Socially consequential features
of a person’s psychological
makeup that distinguish him or
her from other human beings.
Who we are
9
Pertains to personality itself.
Who we are
10
Pertains to development.
How do we become
11
Factors that were determined
at conception. Physical stature, facial
attractiveness, sex, temperament, muscle
composition and reflexes, energy level,
and biological rhythm
Heredity
12
Preliminary results from the
electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)
research give an indication that a better
understanding of human personality and
behaviour might come from the study of
the brain.
Brain
13
involuntary
functions can be consciously
controlled through biofeedback
techniques through electronic
signals that are feedback from
equipment that is wired to the
body
Biofeedback
14
The fact that a
person is tall or short, fat or
skinny, black or white will
influence the person’s effect on
others and this, in turn, will affect
the self-concept.
Physical features
15
The culture in which we are raised,
early conditioning, norms prevailing
within the family, friends, and social
groups and other miscellaneous
experiences that impact us
Cultural factors
16
culture largely determines
attitudes towards independence,
aggression, competition, cooperation
and a host of other human responses
Cultural factors
17
It is the ______, and later the social
group, which selects, interprets, and
dispenses the culture.
Family factors
18
probably has the most
significant impact on early
personality development.
Family
19
under family factors The overall home environment
created by the _____, in addition to
their direct influence, is critical to
personality development.
parents
20
Socialization involves the
process by which a person
acquires, from the enormously
wide range of behavioural
potentialities that are open to
him or her, those that are
ultimately synthesized and
absorbed
Social Factors
21
Socialization starts with the
initial contact between a mother
and her new infant.
Social Factors
22
Knowledge, skill and language are
obviously acquired and represent
important modifications of behavior.
“Situation exerts an important press on
the individual. It exercises constraints
and may provide a push. In certain
circumstances, it is not so much the kind
of person a man is, as the kind of
situation in which he is placed that
determines his actions”
-
Situational factors
23
Traditionally used to describe family
relationships—for example, that a
three-generation household includes
grandparents, parents, and children.
Generations
24
It is now more commonly used to
refer to social generations: those
born around the same time who
experienced roughly the same
culture growing up
Generation
25
A worldview that places more
emphasis on the individual self and
values freedom, independence, and
equality.
Individualism
26
Technology makes individualism
possible
Individualism
27
Modern citizens have the time to
focus on themselves and their own
needs and desires because technology
has relieved us of the drudgery of life.
Individualism
28
Because of technology, it takes longer to grow up,
and longer to grow older.
A slower lufe
29
It is not about the pace of our everyday lives.
A slower life
30
It is about when people reach milestones of
adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
A slower life
31
Slower life trajectories are all ultimately caused by
technology: modern medical care (which lengthens
life spans), birth control (allowing people to have
fewer children), labor-saving devices (which slow
aging), and a knowledge-based economy (which
requires more years of education).
A slower life
32
Emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences and the
unconscious mind
Psychoanalytic perspective
33
Created by psychiatrist Sigmund Freud who believed that things
hidden in the unconscious could be revealed in several different ways:
dreams, free association, slips of the tongue, etc.
Psychoanalytic perspective
34
mind is divided into three parts:
Conscious mind preconscious mind unconscious mind
35
thoughts
and feelings that can be brought into conscious awareness
Preconscious mind
36
thoughts and
feelings we are currently aware of
Conscious mind
37
hidden thoughts, desires, and memories that
influence behavior
Unconscious mind
38
Stressed the importance of early
childhood events, the influence of
the unconscious, and sexual instincts
in the development and formation of
personality
Sigmund Freud
39
most influential idea is the
concept of the unconscious mind,
which posits that hidden thoughts,
desires, and memories shape human
behavior and personality.
Sigmund Freud
40
Emphasized the social elements
of personality development, the
identity crisis, and how
personality is shaped over the
course of the entire lifespan
Erik Erikson
41
Erikson's most notable idea is the
______
Theory of psychosocial development
42
Focused on concepts
such as the collective
unconscious, archetypes,
and psychological types
Carl jung
43
he believes that the
archetypes are layers of
inherited memory, and
they constitute the
entirety of the human
experience.
Carl Jung
44
Jung rejected the theory of human psychological development, which
suggests that people are born as a "blank slate"
Tabula rasa
45
archetypes are innate potentials that are expressed in
human behavior and experiences
Jungian psychology
46
Believed the core motive
behind personality involves
striving for superiority, or the
desire to overcome
challenges and move closer
toward self
-realization.
Alfred Adler
47
This desire to achieve
superiority stems from
underlying feelings of
inferiority that Adler believed
were universal
Alfred Adler
48
posits that humans are
primarily motivated by social connectedness and a striving for
superiority or success.
Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology
49
Focused on the need to
overcome basic anxiety,
the sense of being isolated
and alone in the world
Karen horney
50
She emphasized the
societal and cultural factors
that also play a role in
personality, including the
importance of the parent
-
child relationship
Karen horney
51
Humanistic psychology works with the assumption that human
beings possess free will and can therefore be motivated to
achieve their full potential.
Humanistic perspective
52
Humanistic
Perspective Major
Theorists
Carl Rogers , Abraham Maslow
53
Our self-perception is important because it affects
our_____. ______ ______
motivations, attitudes, and behaviors.
54
Suggested that people are
motivated by a hierarchy of
needs
Abraham Maslow
55
It is centered on identifying, describing, and measuring the
specific traits that make up human personality
Traits perspective
56
By understanding these traits, researchers believe they can better
comprehend the differences between individuals.
Traits perspective
57
are individual beliefs that
motivate people to act one way or
another. They serve as a guide for
human behavior
Morality