physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction

product of a force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the pivot

waves where particles move perpendicular to direction of the wave motion

number of complete oscillations per second

time taken for one complete oscillation

sound is a longitudinal wave it travels as a series of compressions and rarefactions energy is transferred from one particle to another causing sound to be transmitted

amount of matter in a body

waves where particles move parallel to direction of the wave motion

all matter are made up of tiny particles that are in continuous random motion

for an object in equilibrium the sum of clockwise moments about any pivot is equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments of the same pivot

rate of change of velocity vector quantity

energy can neither be created nor destroyed it can only be converted from one form to another or transferred from one body to another but the total amount in an isolated system remains constant

product of force and the distance moved by the object in the direction of the force

hot liquids are less dense and rises cold liquid are denser and sink the process is repeated setting up convection currents

a point through which whole weight of body appears to act

light must be travelling from an optically denser medium to an optically less denser medium the angle of incidence in the optically denser medium is greater than the critical angle

mass per unit volume scalar quantity

force acting per unit area scalar quantity

physical quantities that have magnitude only

amount of gravitational force acting on a object

an imaginary line on a wave that joins all points that are in the same phase