記憶度
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問題一覧
1
What is multivesicular body
is of acquire of internal membrane of EE
2
What does the protein-based sorting mechanism do
By transport carriers with concentrated proteins
3
Where are sphingolipids created?
Golgi
4
What is recycling endosome
is mainly for receptor return.
5
What is LE
is mature endosome and will fusion with lysosome
6
The microtubule
dynamic change,especially during mitosis
7
Clathrin formation
involves AP2 binding, clathrin cage formation, pit deepening, vesicle budding by dynamin, and clathrin coat removal.
8
Three different mechanisms
• Selective packaging of apical or basolaterally proteins into different carriers • Random delivery to both surface followed by selective retention or depletion • Delivery to basolateral,followed by sorting in the endosome
9
Sources of cholesterol
1. De novo synthesis 2. Endocytosis of lipoprotein particles
10
EE membrane easily
Fuse together
11
The regulated secretion can be divided into
Docking,priming,fusion
12
What does Phagocytosis eat
• Bacteria • Deads cells • Foreign bodies
13
What happens to Hydrolytic enzymes
directed to endosome by binding with M6P
14
What does Oligosaccharyl transferase do?
Adds sugar to peptide.
15
VTC merge with Golgi at cis entry face called
CGN
16
What does PDI do
Catalyzes the formation of S-S bond in peptide to fold the protein.
17
What are the four critical steps?
Transport carrier, Motor protein, Tethering factors, Fusion proteins.
18
What triggers UPR
The accumulation of misfolded proteins.
19
What does H-ATPase do in secretory granule
Lower pH
20
What does Phagocytosis do
Eat large particles
21
What are the two mechanisms of the secretory membrane system?
Lipid-based sorting mechanism Protein-based sorting mechanism.
22
Cholesterol and glycerphospholipids are created in
ER
23
What is EE
newly formed proteins are first sent to EE
24
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is essential for the
Uptake Iron and cholesterol
25
Cathrin forms a three-legged structure termed
Triskeliop
26
What is AP2
Assemble protein
27
Types of linked oilgosaccharides in Golgi
N, O
28
Whether SREBP is stuck in ER membrane or moves to nucleus controls what?
Whether cell makes new cholesterol.
29
What does the lipid-based sorting mechanism do
To create a gradient of phospholipid composition.
30
Function of Golgi
• Act as carbohydrate factory • Function as protein sorting station • Serves as a site for sphingomyelin and Glycosphingolipids creation
31
What is Exosome
MVB can fusion with plasma membrane and release to extracellular
32
The leave region of Golgi is called
TGN
33
Five ways of endocytosis
Phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-dependent uptake, and caveolae-independent uptake
34
The V-ATP proton pump
Is important for protein sorting
35
What is Calreticulin cycle?
To fully fold, protein needs to be modified by sugar thoroughly.
36
What is Glycosylation
Can make proteins more hydrophilic and is less likely to aggregate.
37
What are Caveolae
are small, flask-shaped pockets on the cell surface.
38
EE effects
Protein sorting and lipid sorting
39
Examples of phagocytosis
Macrophage,dendritic cells,neutrophils
40
Most of the surface of TGN is
Consumed by iSM
41
Ways of lipid transport
• Flippase in ER • P4-type ATPase
42
What are the ways of lipid movement?
1. Laterally diffuse 2. Flip 3. By cytosolic lipid transfer protein 4. By membrane bound transport carriers
43
Secretory granule formation involve
sorting,selective retention,condensation
44
Four critical steps for phagocytosis
Attachment, engulfment, fusion with lysosome, and degradation.
45
What is the core of N-acetyl glucosamines
3 glucoses, 9 mannoses, 2 N-acetyl-glucosamine
46
Where does the lipid-based sorting mechanism generate different lipid environments?
ER, Golgi, plasma membrane.
47
The Golgi morphology
Stacked,flattened and membrane enclosed cisternae structure
48
What does BiP do
Binds unfolded polypeptide to prevent aggregation of newly created protein.
49
Caveolae are specially abundant in
Endothelial cells
50
Golgi is the place for
correct glycosylation of protein/lipid
51
VTC is detached from
ER export domain
52
The Golgi exhibit a cis to trans polarity reflects
Passage of cargo through it
53
What does Macropinocytosis do
ingest extracellular fluid in bubbles
54
What is ERAD
Degradation process.
55
Exosome can be hijacked by
HIV as a type of "Trojan horse"
56
Secretory membrane system
ER,Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane
57
What does protein storing and transporting depend on
Several proteins
58
What happens to misfolded glycoproteins
The misfolded glycoprotein is fixed or removed