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principles of cladistics
  • Mary Dafeoudelle

  • 問題数 31 • 3/29/2024

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  • 1

    one of the attributes or features that make up and distinguish an individual

    Characters

  • 2

    shared by two or more organisms but is absent from their common ancestor in the lineage leading to one of the organisms inferred to have evolved by convergence or reversal

    Homoplasious character

  • 3

    5 kingdom scheme by R.H Whittaker in 1969

    Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

  • 4

    the aim of _ was to “construct classifications of organisms.”

    Traditional systematics

  • 5

    basis of cladistics

    Synapomorphies

  • 6

    ancestral characteristic

    Plesiomorphy

  • 7

    2 major components of systematics

    Taxonomy

  • 8

    three basic assumptions in cladistics

    Related by descent Bifurcating pattern change

  • 9

    an ancestral characteristic or trait state shared by two or more taxa but not to all descendants of the ancestor

    Symplesiomorphy

  • 10

    a group of organisms that have characters derived from more than one evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group and therefore not suitable foe placing in the same taxon

    Polyphyletic group

  • 11

    Investigates the organism’s evolutionary histories with consideration of their environmental adaptations

    Phylogeny

  • 12

    “reconstructing evolutionary tree of life.” this research area is called

    Phylogenetics

  • 13

    a method where organisms are categorized based on shared derived characteristics that can be traced to a group’s most recent commin ancestor and are not present in more distant ancestors

    Cladistics

  • 14

    are result of convergent evolution

    Analogies

  • 15

    shared-derived characteristic

    Synapomorphy

  • 16

    particular version of a character

    character state

  • 17

    a tree-shaped diagram (dendogram) that is interpreted to represent the best hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships

    Cladogram

  • 18

    self-derived characteristic

    Autapomorphy

  • 19

    the two commonly used in phylogenetic analysis

    Genetic sequencing data

  • 20

    a group of organisms descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group, especially one not shared with any other group

    Monophyletic group

  • 21

    what are the taxonomic characters

    Morpohological characters, Behavioral Characters, Ecological Characters, Physiological characters, Geographical characters, molecular characters

  • 22

    Parts of a phylogenetic tree

    Root Branch Node Clade Taxon

  • 23

    what are the 5 uses of Taxonomy

    provides scientific names for organisms

  • 24

    a novel evolutionary trait that is unique to a particular species and all its descendants

    Apomorphy

  • 25

    which is a group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants

    Clade

  • 26

    How to construct cladogram

    choose the taxa, determine the characters, determine the polarity of characters, group taxa by synapomorphies, build your cladogram

  • 27

    are the taxonomic attributes that can be used to provide the evidence from which relation(the phylogeny) between taxa are inferred

    Taxonomic characters

  • 28

    characters in different organisms that are similar because they were inherited from a common ancestor that also had that character

    Homologous characters

  • 29

    unresolved pattern of divergence

    Polytomy

  • 30

    ancestral characteristic

    Plesiomorphy

  • 31

    a group of organisms descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group but not including all the descendants group

    Paraphyletic group