isn’t just affected by the cost of materials.

is the ratio of the mass of a substance relative to the mass of an equal volume of water at a specified temperature.

FACTORS THAT MATERIALS ENGINEER CONSIDER:

Under Loading conditions are the:

depends not only on its suitability for the purpose, but also on its availability, fabrication and construction

Different materials have different impacts on construction.

When the load is removed?

loads that don’t disturb the structure or material through vibrations or shock.

This failure happens in ductile materials, and it spreads throughout the whole structure, which results in a total collapse.

display appreciable plastic deformation

require more steps and time on site, such as building forms, placing steel and concrete, and removing forms.

occurs when a member or structure ceases to perform the function for which it was designed.

a failure well below the strength of the material that is cause by repeated stresses.

All materials deform in response to loads

a failure of long and slender members that are subjected to axial compression.

The ratio of the lateral strain

loads that disturb the material or structures through vibrations and shocks

Typical viscoelastic materials used in construction applications are?

when the static stress reaches the strength of the material.

interest to civil engineers

are easier and faster to build than reinforced concrete buildings

The surface properties of materials of interest to civil engineers include

what are the economic Factors?

Typical uniaxial stress–strain diagrams for some engineering materials:

All materials wear out over time due to various factors.

short term deformations (amorphous materials)

The change in shape or size

After elastic limit

The durability of different materials is not the same.

normal stress and normal strain of an axially loaded member

mass, weight, and volume relationship of materials

determines the friction resistance and the skidding potential of vehicles on wet conditions.

responsible for the selection, specification and quality control of materials

The appearance of a material

This affects the skid resistance and safety of the pavements.

This affects how long the structure can last and how much it costs to maintain it.

could be defined as failure, depending on the function of the member

behavior switches from elastic to Plastic

force in order to move or deform specimen

have a delayed response to load application.

What are the 7 mechanical properties?

Manufacturing Cost Includes:

the ratio of the transverse contraction strain to longitudinal extension strain in the direction of stretching force.

all materials expand as temperature increases and contract as temperature falls.

is defined as the ratio of the stress at failure to the allowable stress for design.

is the mass per unit volume of material

availability of materials can affect the choice.

other than load response, that affect selection, use, and performance.

What are the Nonmechanical Properties?

The ____________ of materials to the construction site can impact project costs.

The area under the elastic portion of the curve.

When a material is subjected to a load or force, it changes its shape or size.

increases rapidly with little change in stress

Failure of a structure can take several modes:

never repeating loads such as earthquake loads

is a common failure mode.

materials exhibit both viscous and elastic responses

impulse load (applied over short period) such as vibrations caused by winds and trucks

the ability of the material to resist abrasion and wear, and surface texture.

is the weight per unit volume of material.

is a key decision factor.

instantaneous response (deformation) to load

Dynamic Loads can be classified as:

expansion per unit length

do not undergo plastic deformation

long term deformations (metal)

does not change the arrangement of atoms within the material.

Cost considerations are crucial for staying within the budget

Harmonic or sinusoidal loads (repeating pattern)

the property of a material to withstand compression or the elongation with respect to its length.