they are inserted into the DNA at specific locations.

is responsible for catalyzing the recombination reaction between two loxP sites.

When the loxp sites are in the same orientation

If the loxp sites are in opposing orientations,

In some applications, Cremediated recombination can be used to integrate DNA sequences between two lox sites.

is the process of intentionally crossing two or more plants to produce offspring with desired characteristics

______ from a plant carrying the cre gene is transferred to a first-generation transgenic plant, still having a marker gene for antibiotic resistance.

regulates how the transgene is handled when making the transgenic plant, whether in E. coli, Agrobacterium, or the plant itself.

_______ of the U.S. Department of Agriculture must be notified and must approve the plan.

must do rigorous testing for possible allergies to the transgenic plant.

It also evaluates the transgenic crop for potential effects on the environment and on animals or insects that also inhabit the farmers' fields.

is a widely used herbicide that works by inhibiting a specific enzyme called 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), which is involved in the shikimate pathway in plants.

It functions as a COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR of EPSPS, meaning it competes with the natural substrate of the enzyme for binding to the enzyme's active site.

Bt toxin, short for ____

When this toxin is ingested by certain insect larvae, it can be toxic to them and lead to their death.

is released by digestion of the spore and its breakdown produces a toxin that kills the insect larvae.

is a naturally occurring disaccharide that is found in various organisms, including plants.

helps plants cope with various environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures.

_______ converts UDP-glucose plus glucose 6-phosphate into trehalose 6-phosphate

Trehalose may be broken down into to glucose by _______.

Next, trehalose- 6-phosphate phosphatase removes the _______ to make trehalose.

these are genetic materials that came from another organism that introduce into the DNA through Genetic engineering technique.

foreign gene is also known as _______

field of science that focuses on the application of the biological techniques and genetic engineering to plants for various purposes

male reproductive cells or pollen cell

male reproductive organ

producing and storing pollen grain

female reproductive system that contains ova

female reproductive cell/egg cell

other term for offspring or children

Cross pollination occur through various mechanism like _____ where pollen is transferred from plant to other plants.

Cross pollination occur through various mechanism like _____ where pollen are attached to their bodies and transferred to other plants

The medium is in liquid form

the medium is in petri dish or solid medium

new developed shoot(?) Of plant, this is also where you will get your tissue/part that will be used in your experiment or plant tissue culture.

This extracted tissue/part is also known as ______

Common explant we include for tissue culture:

are plant growth regulators. Used to induce or to make the production of callus formation in cell division faster, or to produce more cell division and callus formation.

having specific temperature and light condition.

It is used to to stop/prevent different shaping, to prevent specific cells from differentiating.

are typically small actively dividing and lack of specific structure. Can form specific cell type.

this medium uses sucrose as our sugar.

used for sterilization

uses high pressure steam than can kill bacteria, fungi or any organism that contaminated the liquid culture

a plant cell from which the cell was removed a type of cell that has no cell wall

immature pollen cells

immature egg cell

a substance that is used as a toxic to destroy unwanted vegetation, without affecting the plant such as in soybeans (because soybean has protein that is immune to herbicide(?))

it contains Ti plasmids

is responsible for transferring the gene of interest to the plant genome

selectable markers gene.

marks the gene that has already successful tDNA

used visually/biochemically such as fluorescence.

This technology is available to all type of plants

Tiny metals example used for particle bombardment

It used to maintain the cellular viability of the DNA.

cre stands for

12 billion used in herbicides

One of the best herbicides