問題一覧
1
It is any contiguous living system such as an animal, plant, fungus, protist, archaeon, or bacterium.
Organism
2
It is an organism that consists of one cell.
Unicellular organism
3
It is an organism that cannot be seen by the human eye without the use of microscope.
Microscopic organism
4
It is an organism made up of many cells.
multicellular organism
5
it is an organism that can be seen by the plane human eye.
macroscopic organism
6
it is an instrument used to magnify a tiny object.
microscope
7
they are the ones who discovered the first lens.
the romans
8
it was derived from a latin word ___ as it resemble the shape of lentil bean.
lentil
9
he made the first compound microscope.
Zacharias Janssen
10
he is known to build his own microscope. he used to slice of cork as a specimen in his microscope.
Robert Hooke
11
it means small compartment. it eventually became the word cell.
cellula
12
it is one of the first detailed handbook on microscopy and imaging.
micrographia
13
he is a scientist who study the bacterial blood cell and protists. he made a microscope which had a more powerful magnification then what Hooke built.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
14
professor of botany in germany. he stated that all plants are composed of cells.
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
15
he is a professor of physiology at the university of belgium. studied several slides of animal tissues and which stated that animals are composed of cells.
Theodor Schwann
16
all organisms are..
made up of cells
17
the basic unit of life is..
cell
18
he is the one that postulated the idea of omnis cellula e cellula all (cells come from cells).
Rudolf Ludwig Karl virchow
19
it states that organisms come from nonliving things.
theory of spontaneous generation
20
he was able to disprove the theory that maggots could be spontaneously generated from meat using a controlled experiment.
Francesco Redi
21
he believed that life can arise spontaneously. he repeated Redi's experiment but yielded different results because you was not successful in killing all microbes while boiling broth.
John Needham
22
he disagreed to the theory of spontaneous generation after observing absence of small organisms and some chicken broth placed in sealed flask heated for 30 minutes.
Lazzaro Spallanzani
23
he disproved spontaneous generation through an experiment where beef broth was sterilized through boiling in 2 flasks one that was exposed to air and another that was protected from it.
Louis Pasteur
24
these are eukaryotic cells or cell to the membrane bound nucleus.
animal cells
25
this is from different parts of the cell.
organelles
26
composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and carbohydrates.
cell membrane
27
these allow oxygens and co2 to enter.
semi-permeable membrane
28
these are finger-like folds cell membranes that boost the cell's absorbs function.
microvilli
29
this increases the cell surface area.
microvilli (microvillus)
30
fluid containing cytosol that feels the cell. This is where the molecules first pass through after entering or before exiting the cell membrane. This is also where the organelles are found and move freely.
cytoplasm
31
a fluid that contains 'electrolytes'. this is the site of 'cytosolic activities' like signal-transduction, DNA transcription and replication, glycolysis, enzyme activities, etc.
cytosol
32
A substance that produces electrically conducting solutions metabolites and other substances produced during metabolism.
electrolytes
33
'conversion of glucos' into another form.
glycolysis
34
provides the structure or 'shape of the cell' and has three major filaments : (-microfilaments, -microtubules, -and intermediate filament).
cytoskeleton
35
composed of 'actin' (contractile protein) and is about '7 nanometer'.
microfilament
36
all cells come from...
pre-existing cells
37
composed of 'tubulen' (globular proteins) and is about '25 nanometer'.
microtubule
38
provides tensile strength in the cell and is about '10 nanometer'.
intermediate filament
39
-come in pairs and are at 'right angles' with each other. -they help in separation and transfer of chromosomes.
centrioles
40
it is where 'microtubules get organized'.
centrosome
41
they are central to 'separating chromosomes' during 'cell division'.
spindle fibers
42
the control center of the cell.
nucleus (plural: nuclei)
43
the outer boundary of the nucleus.
nuclear envelope
44
the substance 'inside the nuclear envelope'.
nucleoplasm
45
the substance within the nucleoplasm it is 'the combination of DNA and proteins'.
chromatin
46
what is the meaning of the term DNA.
Deoxyribonucleic acid
47
the 'entry and exit point' of cell substances.
nuclear pore
48
the 'membrane free organelle' found inside the nucleus it is usually spherical in shape and is important in creating ribosomes.
nucleolus
49
help in the assembly of proteins and are 'attached to the endoplasmic reticulum'.
ribosomes
50
forms 'cisterna' (network of interconnected sacs).
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
51
it has ribosomes. it produces protein.
rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
52
it has no ribosomes in the er. it produces lipids
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
53
a complex structure of 'vesicles and folded membranes' 'within the cytoplasm' of most eukaryotic cells it is involved in function of secretion and intracellular transport.
golgi bodies
54
so called as the 'suicide bag of the cell' it has hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste products of cells.
lysosome
55
proteins that use water to break down substances.
hydrolytic enzymes
56
remains in the lysosomes
indigested food
57
contains phagocytosed particle included in a part of the cell membrane.
phagosomes
58
is the powerhouse of the cell that produces atp.it is a 'double membrane bound organelle' found in the eukaryotic organisms.
mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria)
59
a complex organic compound that 'provides energy to the cell'.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
60
appendages responsible for the 'locomotion of the cell'.
flagella and cilia (plural: flagellum and cilium)
61
it moves in the 'whip-like manner'.
flagellum
62
'central core' of flagella and cilia.
axoneme
63
are eukaryotic cells or 'cells with membrane-bound nucleus'.
plant cells
64
is the 'outermost covering' of the 'plant cell'.
cell wall
65
or the 'plasma membrane' is the outer 'lining of the cell inside the cell wall'.
cell membrane
66
is the 'gel-like matrix' inside the cell membrane which 'constitutes all other cell organelles'.
cytosol (cytoplasm)
67
-is the 'control center of the cell' it is a membrane-bound structure which -'contains the hereditary material' of the cell the DNA.
the nucleus
68
is a 'plastid with green pigment chlorophyll' -'it traps light energy' and -'converts it to chemical energy' -by the process of 'photosynthesis'.
chloroplast
69
-'carry out cellular respiration and -'provide energy to the cells'.
mitochondria
70
are the -'temporary storage center' of the cell.
vacuoles
71
is the unit where -'proteins are sorted and packed'.
golgi body
72
are structures that -'resemble proteins'.
ribosomes
73
is a membrane covered organelle that -'transport cell materials'.
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
74
composed of -'amino acids and sugars' -'provides structure and protection' to the cell wall against bacteria.
peptidoglycan
75
serves as a -'cell structural support' -'against fungi'.
chitin
76
-'extension of the cell' a hair forming cell on the -'epidermis of the plant root'.
root hairs
77
-'found inside the chloroplast' -'colorless fluid surrounded by grana'
stroma
78
-'flattened sacs inside a chloroplast' -bounded by pigmented membranes
thylakoids
79
-'green pigment' -responsible for capturing light energy 'during photosynthesis'.
chlorophyll
80
-maintain turgor pressure -to keep the cell from wilting.
plant cells vacuole
81
storage of nutrients ions and water.
animal cells of vacuole
82
are similar in a way that they are sites of atp synthesis.
chloroplast and mitochondria
83
-(or organ system or body system) -is a group of organs that work together -to perform certain tasks.
biological system
84
________in cells -will not proceed without enzymes -which act as catalyst of biological reactions.
metabolic reactions
85
is the type of transport system that requires an energy to -move molecules -'from lower to higher concentration'.
active transport
86
does not use energy.
passive transport
87
is the movement of water molecules through plasma membrane.
osmosis
88
is the passive movement of particles, atoms, ions or molecules.
diffusion
89
process by which substances are transported across cell membranes.
facilitated diffusion
90
is the number of particles per unit volume.
concentration
91
is the end of organ or substances -'enter from the endoplasmic reticulum' -'for processing'.
cis face
92
published: "the fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes".
seymour jonathan singer & Garth L. Nicolson
93
-'where they exit' in the -'form of smaller detach vesicles'.
trans face
94
most acceptable cell membrane model.
fluid mosaic model
95
a lipid -'containing a phosphate group' in it's molecule.
phospholipid
96
water loving hydrophilic phosphate.
head phosphate
97
water fearing hydrophobic lipids.
tail lipids
98
these are lipids with carbohydrate chains.
RBC glycolipids
99
factor determines + or - blood types
rhesus factor