groups of cells with similar function

study of tissues

Tissue types

Widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in the body

Protects underlying tissues

Absorbs nutrients

Secretes hormones, mucus, enzymes

Excretes waste

Named according to shape, arrangement, function

Cells are closely packed

examples of epithelial tissue

Epithelial tissue Classification Based on Shape

flat (protection)

cube shaped (protection and secretion)

tall and rectangular (secretion and absorption)

These are flat, irregularly shaped cells. They line the heart, blood and lymphatic vessels, body cavities, and alveoli (air sacs) of lungs.

The outer layer of the skin is composed of ___________. These epithelial cells on the outer skin layer protect the body against microbial invasion.

These are the cube-shaped cells that line the kidney tubules and cover the ovaries and secretory parts of certain glands.

Elongated, with the nucleus generally near the bottom and often ciliated on the outer surface; they line the ducts, digestive tract (especially the intestinal and stomach lining), parts of the respiratory tract, and glands.

Epithelial tissue Classification Based on Arrangement

one cell layer

several layers

appears to be several layers but is not

several layers of easily stretched cells

Epithelial tissue Classification Based on Function

Cells with large amount of extracellular material.

Major components of connective tissue

3 types of protein fibers

to provide structure, strength and support throughout your body.

Helping fibroblasts to form in your dermis (middle skin layer), which helps new cells grow. Playing a role in replacing dead skin cells.

is protein molecules made up of amino acids

support the early extracellular matrix during the formation of scar tissue, the healing of wounds, and general development.

It is found around the kidney, liver, the spleen, and lymph nodes, Peyer' patches as well as in bone marrow.

It is a type of dense connective tissue.

They provide tensile strength and resistance to stretching.

They contain both elastin and collagen fibres called fibroblasts.

give it a property of elasticity so that a structure can return to its original position even after stretching.

generally works to hold organs, anatomic structures, and tissues in place.

injury repair, phagocytosis, inflammatory response –Fibroblasts, histiocytes, mast cells

fat storage

It is most abundant under the skin, where it acts as an insulator to help maintain body temperature in cold environments.

It is also located around the organs of the body and in the internal cavity of the bones.

also functions as an energy source for the body to use in the absence of glucose.

Some highly cellular locations containing this tissue include the endocrine glands, liver, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs.

It is a type of connective tissue that is present throughout the human body. It provides support and helps to protect organs, muscles, and many other tissues. It also helps to bind the skin together.

It is found between the skin and muscles, around blood vessels and nerves and in the bone marrow.

It fills the space inside the organs, supports internal organs and helps in repair of tissues

This tissue surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels, which transport nutrient material (to cells) and wastes (away from cells). It also (temporarily) stores glucose, salts, and water.

It is composed of a large, semifluid matrix, with many different types of cells and fibers embedded in it. These include fibroblasts (fibrocytes), plasma cells, macrophages, mast cells, and various white blood cells. The fibers are bundles of strong, flexible white fibrous protein called collagen, and elastic single fibers of elastin. It is found in the epidermis of the skin and in the subcutaneous layer with adipose cells.

Regular arrangement of dense connective

Irregular arrangement of dense connective

This tissue forms ligaments, called white fibrous tissue, because tendons, and aponeuroses.

are strong, flexible bands (or cords) that hold bones firmly together at the joints.

are white, glistening bands attaching skeletal muscles to the bones.

are flat, wide bands of tissue holding one muscle to another or to the periosteum (bone covering).

are fibrous connective tissue sheets that wrap around muscle bundles to hold them in place

It is also called white fibrous tissue, because it is made from closely packed white collagen fibers. Fibrous tissue is flexible but not elastic. This tissue has a poor blood supply and heals slowly.

It is a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones. It acts as a shock absorber throughout your body.

Located at the end of your bones reduces friction and prevents them from rubbing together when you use your joints.

Cells called chondrocytes •Found in lacunae

white glossy cartilage covering ends of bones (articular), covering ends of ribs(costal), and giving strength to nose, larynx, and trachea.

ribs, nose, trachea

intervertebral disks

ears, auditory tubes, epiglottis

- Compact - Cancellous - Mineral salts: especially calcium and phosphorus

- Dentin – Enamel

Connective tissue functions

the ability to contract, making movement possible.

•Forms the walls of hollow organs ( except the heart) •Found in the skin and the eyes •Movement of food

-Spindle-shaped, single nucleus –Not striated –Involuntary –Digestive tract, arteries and veins, ureters –Peristalsis

-Long thin cells –Multinucleated and striated –Actin and myosin –Voluntary –Movement by pulling on bones

forms filaments that provide cells with mechanical support and driving forces for movement.

contributes to biological processes such as sensing environmental forces, internalizing membrane vesicles, moving over surfaces and dividing the cell in two.

play two key roles in muscle contraction and cell motility.

These muscles are attached to the movable parts of the skeleton. They are capable of rapid, powertul contractions and long states of partially sustained contractions, allowing for voluntary movement.

-Only in the heart –Uninucleated and striated –Involuntary –Cylindrical shape

These cells help the heart contract to pump blood through and out of the heart.

is a striated (having a cross-banding pattern), involuntary (not under conscious control) muscle. It makes up the walls of the heart.

-Conducting cells –Very long: called nerve fibers

contains nucleus

rootlike extensions that receive stimuli

long thin extensions that transmit impulse

supporting cells

-Makes up brain, spinal cord, and nerves –Is most highly organized tissue of the body –Controls and coordinates body activities –Allows perception –Controls emotion and reasoning –Stores memories

These cells have the ability to react to stimuli.

Ability of nerve tissue to respond to environmental changes

Ability to carry a nerve impulse (message).

is composed of neurons (nerve cells). They have branches through which various parts of the body are connected and their activities respond coordinated. They are found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.