PHILO

41問 • 1年前

問題一覧

investigates things, not by using any other laboratory instrument or investigative tools, neither on the basis of supernatural revelation, otherwise it becomes theology; instead, the philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply, human reason alone or the so-called unaided reason.

NATURAL LIGHT OF REASON

whatever it is; and whatever is not is not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own being, and not being is not being.

PRINCIPLES OF IDENTITY

which something proceeds in any manner

FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE

- it is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, and at the same respect.

PRINCIPLES OF NON-CONTRADICTION

-a thing is either is or is not; everything must be either be or not be; between being and not-being, there is no middle ground possible.

PRINCIPLES OF EXCLUDED MIDDLE

nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence.

PRINCIPLES OF SUFFIENT REASON

extension of fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real

METAPHYSICS

nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence

ETHICS

deals with nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge

EPISTEMOLOGY

branch of philosophy that seeks to organize reasoning.

LOGIC

examining a general case

DEDUCTIVE REASONINGS

taking specific examples and considering the general principles, rules, or cases that caused them.

INDUCTIVE REASONINGS-

science of the beautiful in its various manifestations—including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly

aesthetics

means whatever experience has relevance to art, whether the experience be that of the creative artist or of appreciation.

aesthetics

founded phenomenology

Edmund Husserl

scientific study of the essential structures of consciousness

Phenomenology

search for truth might be based on one's attitude or outlook.

EXTENIALISM: ON FREEDOM

has come into vogue as the name for a rather diffuse family of ideas and trends that in significant respect rejects, challenges, or aims to supersede "modernity"

Postmodernism

is not a philosophy

Postmodernism

conviction that to some significant degree,

ANALYTIC TRADITION

careful inspection and description of phenomena or appearances

PHENOMENOLOGY: ON CONSCIOUSNESS

serve as paths to freedom from half-truths and deceptions

Logic and critical thinking

distinguishing facts and opinions or personal feelings.

Critical thinking

defect in an argument other than its having false premises.

fallacy

it is required to examine the argument's content.

to defect a fallacy

A specific kind of appeal to emotion in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his/her opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt

APPEAL TO PITY (ARGUMENTUM AD MISERICORDI)

has not been proved false most be true, and vice versa

APPEAL TO IGNORANCE ( ARGUMENTUM AD IGNORANTIAM)

logical chain of reasoning of a term or a word several times

C. EQUIVOCATION

This infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole

COMPOSITION

One reasons logically that something true of a thing must also be true of all or some of its parts.

DIVISION

attempts to link the validity of a premise to a characteristic or belief of the person advocating the premise

F. AGAINST THE PERSON ( ARGUMENTUM AD HOMINEM)

where force, coercion, or the threat of force, is given as a justification for a conclusion.

APPEAL TO FORCE (ARGUMENTUM AD BACULUM)

that appeals or exploits people's vanities, desire for esteem, and anchoring on popularity

APPEAL TO THE PEOPLE ( ARGUMENTUM AD POPULUM)

referred to as coincidental correlation, or correlation not causation.

FALSE CAUSE (POST HOC)

is commonly based on a broad conclusion upon the statistics of a survey of a small group that fails to sufficiently represent the whole population

HASTY GENERALIZATION

which the proposition to be proven is assumed implicitly or explicitly in the premise.

BEGGING THE QUESTION (PETITIO PRINCIPII)

the ability to have good judgment that allows avoidance of dangers and risks.

PRUDENCE

act of using money or other resources wisely and practically.

FRUGALITY

sharing the subjective states by two or more individuals

INTERSUBJECTIVITY

The focus is often on achieving a specific goal or completing a task without necessarily delving into deeper personal connections

IN I-IT INTERACTIONS

-There is a sense of openness, presence, and genuine connection

IN I-THOU INTERACTIONS

GEN BIO

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lol

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問題一覧

NATURAL LIGHT OF REASON

whatever it is; and whatever is not is not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own being, and not being is not being.

PRINCIPLES OF IDENTITY

which something proceeds in any manner

FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE

- it is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, and at the same respect.

PRINCIPLES OF NON-CONTRADICTION

-a thing is either is or is not; everything must be either be or not be; between being and not-being, there is no middle ground possible.

PRINCIPLES OF EXCLUDED MIDDLE

nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence.

PRINCIPLES OF SUFFIENT REASON

extension of fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real

METAPHYSICS

nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence

ETHICS

deals with nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge

EPISTEMOLOGY

branch of philosophy that seeks to organize reasoning.

LOGIC

examining a general case

DEDUCTIVE REASONINGS

taking specific examples and considering the general principles, rules, or cases that caused them.

INDUCTIVE REASONINGS-

science of the beautiful in its various manifestations—including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly

aesthetics

means whatever experience has relevance to art, whether the experience be that of the creative artist or of appreciation.

aesthetics

founded phenomenology

Edmund Husserl

scientific study of the essential structures of consciousness

Phenomenology

search for truth might be based on one's attitude or outlook.

EXTENIALISM: ON FREEDOM

has come into vogue as the name for a rather diffuse family of ideas and trends that in significant respect rejects, challenges, or aims to supersede "modernity"

Postmodernism

is not a philosophy

Postmodernism

conviction that to some significant degree,

ANALYTIC TRADITION

careful inspection and description of phenomena or appearances

PHENOMENOLOGY: ON CONSCIOUSNESS

serve as paths to freedom from half-truths and deceptions

Logic and critical thinking

distinguishing facts and opinions or personal feelings.

Critical thinking

defect in an argument other than its having false premises.

fallacy

it is required to examine the argument's content.

to defect a fallacy

A specific kind of appeal to emotion in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his/her opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt

APPEAL TO PITY (ARGUMENTUM AD MISERICORDI)

has not been proved false most be true, and vice versa

APPEAL TO IGNORANCE ( ARGUMENTUM AD IGNORANTIAM)

logical chain of reasoning of a term or a word several times

C. EQUIVOCATION

This infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole

COMPOSITION

One reasons logically that something true of a thing must also be true of all or some of its parts.

DIVISION

attempts to link the validity of a premise to a characteristic or belief of the person advocating the premise

F. AGAINST THE PERSON ( ARGUMENTUM AD HOMINEM)

where force, coercion, or the threat of force, is given as a justification for a conclusion.

APPEAL TO FORCE (ARGUMENTUM AD BACULUM)

that appeals or exploits people's vanities, desire for esteem, and anchoring on popularity

APPEAL TO THE PEOPLE ( ARGUMENTUM AD POPULUM)

referred to as coincidental correlation, or correlation not causation.

FALSE CAUSE (POST HOC)

is commonly based on a broad conclusion upon the statistics of a survey of a small group that fails to sufficiently represent the whole population

HASTY GENERALIZATION

which the proposition to be proven is assumed implicitly or explicitly in the premise.

BEGGING THE QUESTION (PETITIO PRINCIPII)

the ability to have good judgment that allows avoidance of dangers and risks.

PRUDENCE

act of using money or other resources wisely and practically.

FRUGALITY

sharing the subjective states by two or more individuals

INTERSUBJECTIVITY

The focus is often on achieving a specific goal or completing a task without necessarily delving into deeper personal connections

IN I-IT INTERACTIONS

-There is a sense of openness, presence, and genuine connection

IN I-THOU INTERACTIONS