has not been proved false most be true, and vice versa

nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence

means whatever experience has relevance to art, whether the experience be that of the creative artist or of appreciation.

has come into vogue as the name for a rather diffuse family of ideas and trends that in significant respect rejects, challenges, or aims to supersede "modernity"

careful inspection and description of phenomena or appearances

founded phenomenology

is commonly based on a broad conclusion upon the statistics of a survey of a small group that fails to sufficiently represent the whole population

whatever it is; and whatever is not is not; everything is what it is. Everything is its own being, and not being is not being.

nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence.

- it is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, and at the same respect.

extension of fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real

it is required to examine the argument's content.

-a thing is either is or is not; everything must be either be or not be; between being and not-being, there is no middle ground possible.

distinguishing facts and opinions or personal feelings.

science of the beautiful in its various manifestations—including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly

that appeals or exploits people's vanities, desire for esteem, and anchoring on popularity

investigates things, not by using any other laboratory instrument or investigative tools, neither on the basis of supernatural revelation, otherwise it becomes theology; instead, the philosopher uses his natural capacity to think or simply, human reason alone or the so-called unaided reason.

The focus is often on achieving a specific goal or completing a task without necessarily delving into deeper personal connections

One reasons logically that something true of a thing must also be true of all or some of its parts.

branch of philosophy that seeks to organize reasoning.

examining a general case

taking specific examples and considering the general principles, rules, or cases that caused them.

which something proceeds in any manner

attempts to link the validity of a premise to a characteristic or belief of the person advocating the premise

search for truth might be based on one's attitude or outlook.

This infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole

-There is a sense of openness, presence, and genuine connection

act of using money or other resources wisely and practically.

A specific kind of appeal to emotion in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his/her opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt

logical chain of reasoning of a term or a word several times

serve as paths to freedom from half-truths and deceptions

sharing the subjective states by two or more individuals

where force, coercion, or the threat of force, is given as a justification for a conclusion.

is not a philosophy

the ability to have good judgment that allows avoidance of dangers and risks.

referred to as coincidental correlation, or correlation not causation.

conviction that to some significant degree,

which the proposition to be proven is assumed implicitly or explicitly in the premise.

scientific study of the essential structures of consciousness

deals with nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge

defect in an argument other than its having false premises.