es 2nd q (1)

100問 • 2年前

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is the process of breaking down rocks present at the earth's surface , can happens in the presence of the action of rainwater , variable extreme temperature , and different biological activities

weathering

types of weathering

physical or mechanical, chemical weathering

is a process where in rocks are broken down into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition due to several factors like fluctuating temperature and pressure , and biological activity

physical or mechanical weathering

types of mechanical weathering

frost wedging, salt crystal growth , biological activity , unloading

is a process that involves repeated cycles of freezing and thawing of ice , it happens when there is sufficient moisture , pre-existing cracks , and when temperatures frequently rise and fall

frost wedging

is a process that happens when a seawater penetrate crevices in rocks which are found mostly in rocky shorelines and arid regions, expand when subjected to an increase in temperature that causes the widening of cracks

salt crystal growth

is the action of organism including plants and animals reduces the size of rocks and minerals which make rocks more suspectible to chemical weathering

biological activity

happens through erosion of a cliff , thick layers of sediments overlying deeply buried in rocks are remove .

unloading

is a process where in rock materials are change into other substances that have different physical and chemical composition

chemical weathering

types of chemical weathering

dissolution, hydrolysis , oxidation

is a process wherein a solid dissolved in a liquid

dissolution

is a process where water reacts with a mineral to form a new mineral

hydrolysis

is where a chemical combination of oxygen with the mineral to form an entirely different mineral in which at least one of the elements has higher ionic charge

oxidation

mainly includes the amount of moisture in the air and temperature where weathering takes place

climate

is the transportation of weathered rocks . agents like running water or river , wind , gravity , groundwater , wave currents , and glaciers contribute to blank

erosion

types of erosion

water, wind , glacial

is a type of erosion where water carries the sediments to different bodies of water such as rivers , the high amount of rainfall contributes to suspect ability of the soil to blank

water erosion

happens when light materials , such as small rocks and pebbles , are carried by the wind to different places

wind erosion

happens when a glacier , or a river of highly compact eyes , move downhill due to its weight . it plunks chunks of rocks and causes creeping between the ice and the rock

glacial erosion

is the vulnerability of soil to erosion caused by rainfall intensity , soil properties , crop cover , and slope

soil erodibility

is the most significant contributing factor to erode ability although structure , organic matter , and permeability may also affect it

texture of the soil

buy livestock or by indigenous animal may remove vegetation leaving the soil more vulnerable to erosion

over grazing

blank can also contaminate soil due to the high salinity of irrigation water as it passes over crop plants

salt

waste as capable of being decomposed by microorganism

biodegradable

waste cannot be degraded quickly through normal means

non-biodegradable

these are waste in liquid form .this can flow into the environment as a result

liquid waste

are any gaseous material due to be discarded

gas waste

causing injury or death when inhaled or ingested

toxic

can easily ignite and burn rapidly

flammable

can burn skin on contact and can erode away surface of material

corrosive

can react with other substances to produce toxic vapors or explosions

reactive

need unique regulatory requirements for disposal this include clinical waste and asbestos

special waste

waste that comes from the environment is known as

natural waste

waste produced by humans is known as

anthropogenic waste

the waste from blank areas are commonly disposed of by the local government and sometimes referred to as the municipal solid waste

residential

sources generate organic waste such as plant and animal materials common waste are fertilizers and pesticides

agricultural

source include supermarkets restaurants commercial buildings hotels auto mechanic workshops and others

commercial

waste include the mining tailings which are the ways left after or extraction from rock harmful gases from blasting and overburden materials

mining

list waste consists of various materials such as concrete metals plastic solvents and hazardous waste such as paints and asbestos

industrial

afr

sar

mena

eca

lac

12%

eap

21%

oecd

44%

residential

56.7%

commercial

27.1%

industrial

4.1%

institutional

12.1%

pollution leads to a decline in tourist and investors

economic and aesthetic impact

pollution adversely impacts the environment pollution introduces substances and factors that alter the natural environment

environmental impact

pollution is an unwanted and harmful change in the environment condition

pollution impact

refers to a contamination of water's bodies causes harm to various aquatic creatures that depend on proper water conditions

water pollution

happens when soil is strip of its fertility and nutrition caused by chemical sources pesticides and insecticides

soil pollution

pollution occurs when radioactive metals such a storium radon and radium release energy in the environment to achieve a more stable form

radioactive pollution

caused by poisonous gases and particulate matter inthe air

air pollution

this is caused by a rise in environmental temperatures

thermal pollution

involves the recovery and reprocessing of materials from products from after they been used by consumers

recycling

involves proper sorting shredding and melting nerdles are redesigned into new plastic products

recycling plastic

this involves turning used paper into pop the mixture is then broken down into fibers and fibers are reused

recycling paper

can be recycled over and over again and is usually sorted by color melted and reshaped into a newcan be recycled over and over again and is usually sorted by color melted and reshaped into a new products

recycling glass

waste hierarchy from least preferable to most preferable

dispose of waste ,treat waste ,recover energy ,recycle waste, reuse waste,avoid and reduce waste

this method involves the combustion of waste

incineration

it is a natural process of recycling decomposed organic materials into rich fertile soils known as compost

composting

involves the dumping of waste in a designated area

landfill waste management

most waste management practices are governed by the blank known as the ecological solid waste management act of 2000 this law aims to protect the public health and the environment through proper waste disposal and environment friendly methods in utilizing a resources

republic act 9003

is a downslope movement of rock regulith/ unconsolidated material and soil under the influence of gravity

mass wasting

is the slow downhill movement of rock or soil under the influence of gravity

creep

a blank is composed of a mixture of clay silt sand and rock fragments in which more than half of the components are more abundant than sand

a debris flow

has a consistency of what concrete due to its high water content

mud flow

contains less water and therefore less fluid than a mud flow

earth flow

happens when water saturated soil moves down slope

solifluction

occurs when blocks of material move downhill over a gently curved fracture in rock or regolith

slump

bedrock slides down slow over a fracture plane

rock slide

the fastest type of mass wasting is blank it is characterized by rapid free falling rocks

fall

arlos unconsolidated solid particles from weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks precipitation of minerals dissolved in water and remains of plants and animals

sediments

the process in which solid materials are deposited horizontally after it is transported by different ages of sediment transport such as water and wind are called blank

sedimentation

refers to the degree by which a material approaches the shape of a sphere

sphericity

is the degree of abrasion as shown by the sharpness of the sediment is edges and corners

roundness

describes the degree of uniformity of real sizes of sediments sediments are sorted based on their density caused by the energy of transporting medium

sorting

when the blank becomes low heavier sediments are left behind and begin to be deposited

velocity of the transporting medium

are carried by high energy current or streams with high competence sand and finer sediments are mostly transported through wind and wave action

gravel and coarser particles

is the measure of the amount of heat that is released at the surface and produce in the interior

earth's thermal budget

around blank of the solar energy that reaches the surface of earth is reflected back to space by the clouds atmosphere and light colored areas

30%

the remaining blank of the solar energy is absorbed by the atmosphere land and oceans

70%

is defined as molten rock material produced by partial melting of the mantle and crust it contains liquid gases pistols and rock fragments

magma

increases with depth which is called geothermal gradient this increase will obviously induce melting

temperature

decrease in pressure causes adiabatic decompression as pressure is decreased melting temperatures of materials decrease

pressure

are produced by large degree of melting

Tholeiitic magmas or tholeiitis

form along convergent plate boundaries above subduction zones

calc alkaline basalts

form from smaller degree of partial melting which results in alkali rich and silica depleted magma of diverse composition

alkaline basalts

are the only magmas that are not produced by silicate source rock

carbonatites

is the process where magma rises to the surface of earth as lava it can be viewed as a destructive event as it could damage infrastructures cause injuries and short term climate change and also a constructive process as seen in the earth's early history

volcanism

is a hill or mountain where lava pyroclastic materials and gases erupt it can form along plate

volcano

has a smooth and ropy surface

pahoehoe

has jogged and angular corners

theory states that rocks were formed from heat driven processes this heat comes from the interior of the earth another fundamental aspect of plutonism is that the processes are constant and slow

plutonism

as magma rises to the crust it can displace the host our country rock to form structures called blank

plutons

100

the term blank can be used to classify rocks which form in the interior of the earth this is the opposite of volcanic rocks which form on the crust

plutonic

Gen Chem

Joshua Timbol · 65問 · 2年前

Gen Chem