scientific investigation of phenomena which includes data collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of facts

it is a process of inquiring

"as seeking for truth, information or knowledge"

it is a problem solving technique

the information and data pursued through questioning begins with gathering by applying the different human senses

inquiry is synonymous with the word ______

a systematic examination of a certain event or phenomenon

process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply involves) himself in the data gathering activities...

is systematic and objective creating of knowledge

characteristics of research

research is based on direct experience or experiments of theories/observation by the researcher

research allows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid procedures and principles

all variable except those that are tested/experimented on, are kept constant

refers to a search for facts, answers to questions and solutions to problems

shows analytical procedures in gathering data, whether historical, descriptive, and or case study

unbiased and logical. all finding are logically based on real life situations

requires its own examination and produces the data needed to complete the study

research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable research to arrive at valid and conclusive results

branches of knowledge that deals with moral principles

governs the person's behavior or the conduct of an activity

promotes the pursuit of knowledge, truth, and credibility

ensure that researchers are held accountable to the public

acts of using another person's ideas, works, processes, and results without giving due credit

based on valid procedures and principles

starts with a problem and ends with a problem

conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic methods and procedures

it's design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conductive results

an ethics of a research which to keep promises and agreements

a process that answers what information is already available

researcher should be based on real life situations

unfold the study in a natural manner, findings are derived from the analysis of authentic data gathered from the participants

select the participants in a purposive manner

a thick description of gathered data from the participants makes this type of study a detailed one

direct contact with people, situation, and phenomenon under investigation

researcher should also be neutral in the responses and observation

researcher should likewise show openness, sensitivity, and respect

the researcher will start from exploring the phenomenon and will end to confirming findings of the works

cannot be simply done in a linear and cause and effect relationship approach

requires the researcher to view the whole phenomenon under investigation in a complex system...

are common instruments used in the conduct of a qualitative study

kinds of qualitative research

focuses on subjective lived experiences of the participants in order to understand phenomenon

the researcher is concerned with the feelings of the participants regarding a particular event or activity hence the uniqueness of their lived situations can be described

in phenomenological qualitative research, what is the common instrument used?

concentrates on the study of a group of people in a particular environment

the researcher is required to engage himself with the participants through immersion in an extended period of time to characterize behaviors...

in ethnographic qualitative research, what is the essential instrument for this type of study: _______ along with the use of ______ and ______

intends to explain a phenomenon through developing a theory

aums to provide explanation and theory behind those lived experiences

in grounded theory qualitative research, what are the commonly used data collection instrument

allows the researcher to have an intensive analysis of the phenomenon

aims to accurately describe the case through an in-depth examination of a single person or single institution

in case study qualitative research, what are data collection instruments used

concerned with the identification evolution and synthesis of past event data

in historical qualitative research, what are the sources used

life accounts of individuals based on their personal experiences are typically obtained and analyzed

extract meaningful context based on the documented experiences

focuses merely on the nature of the story told by the participants

is one of the commonly and widely employed approaches of narrative speech

known for providing meaning to understand an existing phenomenon

used if the researcher starts discussions from the lowest and highest means then explains the overall mean

if discussion is from the overall mean going to the lowest and highest means