211. Secondary hypertension is often resolved when which of the following occurs? A. The underlying condition is treated - B. Blood pressure medication is administered

212. Which symptom is commonly associated with advanced stages of hypertension? - A. Abdominal pain -B. Morning headache in the occipital area - C. Frequent urination - D. Increased appetite

213. In assessing a hypertensive patient, which of the following is important to measure and record? -(A) Blood pressure in both arms - B. Temperature - C. Skin elasticity - D. Nail growth rate

214. What is the target blood pressure goal for older adults being treated for hypertension? - A. BP < 120/80 mm Hg - B. BP < 130/85 mm Hg -(C) BP < 140/90 mm Hg - D. BP < 150/95 mm Hg

215. Which of the following best describes the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis? - A. Arteriosclerosis involves the buildup of cholesterol plaques, while atherosclerosis involves thickening of arterial walls.B. Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls, whereas atherosclerosis Is characterized by plaque buildup in the arterial walls. - C. Both conditions describe the same process of narrowing the arterial lumen. - D. Arteriosclerosis results in decreased blood pressure, while atherosclerosis increases blood pressure.

217. Which of the following is a recognized risk factor for developing atherosclerosis? - A. Low blood pressure - (B, Hyperchromocysteinemia - C. Hypoglycemia - D. Decreased cholesterol levels

216. Which complication is directly associated with both arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis due to the weakening of arterial walls? - A. Hypertension -B, Aneurysm - C. Myocardial infarction - D. Venous thrombosis

218. Which intervention is most effective in preventing the progression of atherosclerosis? - A. Increase intake of trans fats - B. Maintain a healthy diet and control hypertension - C. Limit physical activity - D. Increase carbohydrate consumption

219. Peripheral Arterial Disease of the lower extremities is primarily caused by: - A. Venous insufficiency B! Arteriosclerotic and atherosclerotic changes in the arterial lumen - C. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus - D. Hyperextension injuries to the lower limbs

220. Intermittent claudication, a common symptom of PAD, is characterized by: - A. Constant pain in the extremities regardless of activity B, Pain during activity that subsides with rest - C. Swelling and redness in the affected limb D. Increased temperature in the affected extremities

221. What percentage of the adult population in the United States is estimated to have undiagnosed hypertension? - A. 10% - B. 20% -C. 30% - D. 40%

222. Which system is activated by decreased blood flow to the kidney, leading to increased blood pressure through vasoconstriction? - A. Sympathetic Nervous System - B. Parasympathetic Nervous System C. Renin-Angiotensin System - D. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

223. Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor for essential hypertension? - A. Smoking B) Age - C. Obesity - D. High-sodium diet

224. Secondary hypertension is often resolved when which of the following occurs? -A. The underlying condition is treated - B. Blood pressure medication is administered - C. Lifestyle changes are implemented - D. All of the above

225. Which symptom is commonly associated with advanced stages of hypertension? - A. Abdominal pain B. Morning headache in the occipital area 2019 pohans - C. Frequent urination - D. Increased appetite

226. In assessing a hypertensive patient, which of the following is important to measure and record? Lionel -A. Blood pressure in both arms - B. Temperature - C. Skin elasticity - D. Nail growth rate

227. What is the target blood pressure goal for older adults being treated for hypertension?A. BP < 120/80 mm Hg - B. BP < 130/85 mm Hg -(C) BP < 140/90 mm Hg - D. BP < 150/95 mm Hg

228. Which of the following best describes the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis? - A. Arteriosclerosis involves the buildup of cholesterol plaques, while atherosclerosis involves thickening of arterial walls. B) Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls, whereas atherosclerosis is characterized by plaque buildup in the arterial walls. - C. Both conditions describe the same process of narrowing the arterial lumen. - D. Arteriosclerosis results in decreased blood pressure, while atherosclerosis increases blood pressure.

229. Which complication is directly associated with both arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis due to the weakening of arterial walls? - A. Hypertension -B. Aneurysm - C. Myocardial infarction - D. Venous thrombosis

230. Which of the following is a recognized risk factor for developing atherosclerosis? - A. Low blood pressure - B. Hyperchromocysteinemia - C. Hypoglycemia

231. Which intervention is most effective in preventing the progression of atherosclerosis? - A. Increase intake of trans fats -B. Maintain a healthy diet and control hypertension - C. Limit physical activity - D. Increase carbohydrate consumption

232. Peripheral Arterial Disease of the lower extremities is primarily caused by: - A. Venous insufficiency - B, Arteriosclerotic and atherosclerotic changes in the arterial lumen - C. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus - D. Hyperextension injuries to the lower limbs

233. Intermittent claudication, a common symptom of PAD, is characterized by: - A. Constant pain in the extremities regardless of activity -B. Pain during activity that subsides with rest - C. Swelling and redness in the affected limb - D. Increased temperature in the affected extremities

234. Which diagnostic test is used to determine the risk of peripheral arterial disease by comparing blood pressures at the ankle and upper arm? - A. Echocardiogram B. Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) - C. Doppler ultrasound

235. Which of the following is NOT a recommended medical management strategy for peripheral arterial disease? - A. Smoking cessation - B. Regular use of antiplatelet medication -(C. Frequent, intense exercise - D. Wound care for arterial ulcers

236. Which of the following is a common cause of arterial embolism? - A. Dehydration -B, Atrial dysrhythmia - C. Hypothyroidism - D. Hyperlipidemia

237. A patient with arterial embolism may exhibit which of the following clinical manifestations? - A. Warm, red skin in affected area - B. Severe pain and absent distal pulses - C. Hypertension D - D. Bradycardia

238. What diagnostic test is primarily used to identify the presence of an arterial embolism? - A. Electrocardiogram (ECG) - B. Complete blood count (CBC) (C) Doppler ultrasonography - D. Echocardiogram

239. Which medication is NOT typically used in the management of arterial embolism? - A. Aspirin - B. Coumadin - C. Streptokinase (D) Insulin

240. What is a common etiology of arterial aneurysms? - A. Infectious diseases B) Arteriosclerosis - C. Allergic reactions - D. Vitamin deficiencies

241. A thoracic aortic aneurysm may present with which of the following symptoms? - A. Jaundice -B) Dysphagia - C. Diarrhea - D. Polyuria

242. Which diagnostic tool is essential for visualizing an arterial aneurysm? . MRI - B. Stool test - C. Spirometry - D. Urinalysis

243. Which intervention is priority for a patient with a significant risk of aneurysm rupture? - A. Immediate administration of antibiotics: (B. Surgical intervention or close monitoring - C. Administration of antiviral medications - D. Psychological counseling

244. Which demographic is most commonly affected by Thromboangitis Obliterans? - A. Women over the age of 40 B. Men between 25-40 years who smoke - C. Adolescents under the age of 18 - D. Postmenopausal women

245. What is the primary focus of medical management for Thromboangitis Obliterans? - A. High-dose steroid therapy B. Smoking cessation - C. Continuous oxygen therapy - D. High-intensity exercise regimen

246. Which symptom is most commonly associated with Thromboangiitis Obliterans? - A. Excessive sweating B. Pain in the arch of the foot with exercise - C. Sudden vision changes - D. Intermittent fevers

247. What diagnostic test is used for Raynaud Disease to record skin temperature changes? - A. Echocardiogram Mono 21 - B, Cold stimulation test • C. Electromyography

248. Which medication class is commonly used to manage Raynaud Disease by relaxing arterioles? - A. Beta-blockers - B. Diuretics C. Calcium channel blockers - D. ACE inhibitors

249. Raynaud Disease primarily affects which body parts? - A. Knees and elbows -B, Fingers, toes, ears, and nose - C. Spine and hips - D. Shoulders and neck

250. Which type of thrombophlebitis can lead to pulmonary embolism? - A. Superficial thrombophlebitis -B. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) - C. Varicose thrombophlebitis - D. Chronic thrombophlebitis

251. What is the primary purpose of elastic stockings in the management of thrombophlebitis? - A. To improve arterial circulation -B. To prevent venous stasis - C. To decrease blood pressure - D. To support muscle growth

252. What is a crucial safety measure for patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy? - A. Frequent high-intensity exercise -B) Regular blood clotting tests such as PT and INR - C. Limiting fluid intake D. Increasing intake of vitamin K-rich foods

253. Why are frequent follow-ups and blood tests important for patients on anticoagulant therapy? - A. To monitor kidney function - B. To adjust drug dosages and assess blood clotting - C. To check for blood sugar levels - D. To monitor electrolyte balance

254. A patient on anticoagulant therapy should seek immediate medical attention if they experience: -(A. Mild headache - B. Cold, blue, or painful feet - C. Increased appetite - D. Temporary redness at the injection site

255. Which activity should be avoided by a patient on anticoagulant therapy to prevent bleeding? - A. Walking at a moderate pace -B. Vigorous brushing of teeth - C. Reading for long periods - D. Listening to music

256. Which substance should patients on anticoagulant therapy avoid to prevent interaction with their medication?- A. Calcium supplements -B. Aspirin-containing drugs or NSAIDs - C. High-protein foods - D. Caffeinated beverages

257. What is an effective method to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in hospitalized patients? - A. Limiting fluid intake - B. Prolonged bed rest C. Use of elastic compression stockings - D. Avoiding medications

258. What is the major risk associated with dislodgement of a thrombus in patients with venous disorders? - A. Hypertension B) Pulmonary embolus - C. Stroke - D. Heart attack