問題一覧
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What is a hazard?
Something with a potential to cause harm
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Are events that post danger or risk to any element exposed or a future source of danger to them
Hazards
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Two types of hazard
Natural hazards and man-made hazards
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Are those that are caused by physical and biological elements in the environment?
Natural hazards
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Are also called as technological hazards caused by factors that are generally trace to human errors, intent, or negligence or glitches in technology
Man-made hazards
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Hazard events
Environmental events A physical Event A natural phenomenon A Hazardous event
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Become hazards once they threaten to affect society and or environment adversely
Environmental events
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Such as a volcanic eruption that does not affect human being is a natural phenomenon, but not a natural hazard
A physical event
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That occurs in the populated area is a hazardous event
A natural phenomenon
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That causes Unacceptably large numbers of fatalities and or overwhelming property damage is a natural disaster
A hazardous event
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It is important in predicting disasters to the certain hazard can bring
Profiling hazards
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This can assess by the measurements obtained from scientific instruments, for example, earthquake
Magnitude or strength of the event
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It tells its proneness to the hazard, which is always associated with the areas geographical location on earth or its topographical condition
Frequency of the event
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The assessment of the duration is either short or long like typhoon Yolanda
Duration of impact
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It refers to whether the exposed element receives the likely disaster directly or indirectly
Causality of events
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Different ways of classifying hazards
Natural hazards Quasi natural hazards technological or man-made hazards
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Such as earthquakes or floods arise from purely natural processes inthe environment
Natural hazards
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Such a smug or desertification arises through the interaction of natural processes of human activities
Quasi natural hazards
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Such as the toxicity of pesticides to fauna accidentally release of chemicals or radiation from nuclear plants
technological Or man-made hazards
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Type of hazards
Atmospheric Hydrological Geological Biological Technological Human
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A hazard which occurs mainly in the air surrounding earth
Atmospheric
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A hazard which is mostly related to water
Hydrological
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A hazard which is related to soil and rocks
Geological
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A hazard which is related to living organisms
Biological
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A hazard related to new technologies
Technological
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A hazard caused by humans
Human
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Examples of atmospheric hazard
excess rainfall freezing rain Hail Heavy snowfall
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Examples of hydrological hazards
Floods Wave action Drought
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Examples of biological hazards
Epidemic in humans Epidemic in plants Epidemic in animals
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Examples of geological hazards
Mass movement Landslides Mudslides
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Examples of technological hazards
Transport accidents Industrial explosions Nuclear accident
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The most important aspects of Hazzard
Speed of onset
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Reference an event or hazard occurs suddenly With little warning, taking the lives of people and destroying economic structures and material resources
Rapid onset disaster
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Occur overtime and slowly deteriorate societies, and a population capacity to withstand the effects of the hazard or threats
Slow onset, disasters
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Is a part of process used to evaluate if any particular situation item thing may have the potential to cause harm
Hazard identification
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Methods to assess natural hazards
Qualitative approaches Quantitative approaches
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Mathematical functions or equations relating the hazard variables used are formulated or adopted to quantify the hazard
Quantitative approaches
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This method uses expert opinion in ranking in relative terms, the intensity or probability for instance of a hazard event
Qualitative approaches
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Based on Physical precursors In researched area
Deterministic approach
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Relies on data from past events to create probability distribution
Probabilistic approach
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Natural hazards analysis
Identification Mapping Assessment Monitoring forecasting
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Displays maps and assign attributes to map units
Geographic information system