Which statement best describes the role of the pulmonary artery in pulmonary circulation?* **A.** It carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. - **B.** It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. - **C.** It returns oxygenated blood to the right atrium. - **D.** It supplies blood to the heart muscle itself.

What is the primary purpose of a chest X-ray in cardiac assessment?** - **A.** To measure the electrical activity of the heart. - **B.** To record the size, shape, and position of the heart. - **C.** To evaluate the lung fields for any abnormalities. - **D.** To determine the blood flow rate through the coronary arteries.

Before undergoing a chest X-ray, why is it important for patients to remove jewelry?** - **A.** Jewelry can interfere with the X-ray imaging. - **B.** It prevents allergic reactions. - **C.** It reduces the risk of radiation exposure. - **D.** Jewelry can become heated and cause burns.

**34. What is the purpose of using a fluoroscopy in cardiology?** - **A.** To measure the heart's electrical activity. - **B.** To obtain a static image of the heart. - **C.** To examine the motion of internal structures, such as the heart. * - **D.** To check for lung diseases.

35. An angiogram is primarily used to diagnose which of the following conditions?** - **A.** Respiratory diseases. - **B.** Vessel occlusion and congenital anomalies in the heart. - **C.** Brain tumors. - **D.** Musculoskeletal disorders.

. What should a nurse do post-aortogram procedure?** - **A.** Immediately encourage the patient to walk around. - **B.** Monitor the catheter insertion site for excess bleeding. - **C.** Administer a stimulant to assess neurological function. - **D.** Perform an echocardiogram to verify results.

37. What information is primarily obtained from a Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS)?** - **A.** The electrical conductivity of the heart. - **B.** The presence and extent of plaque deposits in coronary arteries. * - **C.** The oxygen level in the blood. - **D.** The number of red blood cells in the circulatory system.

**38. Which patients are typically recommended to undergo a Coronary Artery Calcium Score test?** - **A.** Patients who are symptomatic with known risk factors for coronary artery disease. - **B.** Asymptomatic individuals to assess risk and modify lifestyle choices. - **C.** Patients immediately after a heart attack. - **D.** Children under the age of 12.

**39. What is the primary purpose of cardiac catheterization?** - **A.** To repair damaged heart valves. - **B.** To visualize the heart's chambers, valves, vessels, and coronary arteries. - **C.** To measure the blood pressure in the arms and legs. - **D.** To perform heart transplants.

**40. Why is it important to evaluate kidney function before using iodine-based contrast agents in left-sided cardiac catheterization?** - **A.** To prevent contrast-induced nephropathy. - **B.** To assess the patient's ability to metabolize medications. - **C.** To determine the appropriate size of the catheter. - **D.** To evaluate the patient's hydration status.

**41. Which side of heart catheterization assesses the right ventricle, valves, and pulmonary artery pressures?** - **A.** Left-sided catheterization. - **B.** Right-sided catheterization. - **C.** Both A and B. - **D.** Neither A nor B.

**42. What should a patient be instructed to do prior to undergoing cardiac catheterization?** - **A.** Eat a heavy meal. - **B.** Fast for 8 to 12 hours. * - **C.** Engage in strenuous exercise. - **D.** Drink caffeinated beverages.

**43. During cardiac catheterization, why might a cardiologist ask a patient to cough or breathe deeply?** - **A.** To increase heart rate temporarily. - **B.** To clear the airway. - **C.** To facilitate the movement of the catheter. - **D.** To test lung function.

**43. During cardiac catheterization, why might a cardiologist ask a patient to cough or breathe deeply?** - **A.** To increase heart rate temporarily. - **B.** To clear the airway. - **C.** To facilitate the movement of the catheter. - **D.** To test lung function.

44. What is a common sensation a patient may feel when a contrast agent is used during cardiac catheterization?** - **A.** Cold chills. - **B.** A flushed feeling and a sensation of needing to void. - **C.** Sharp pain in the chest. - **D.** Immediate relief of symptoms.

45. Following cardiac catheterization, what is crucial for a nurse to monitor at the catheterization site?** - **A.** Color and texture of the hair. - **B.** Hematoma and signs of infection. - **C.** Growth of new skin cells. - **D.** Temperature of the room.

46. What post-procedure instruction should be given to a patient after cardiac catheterization? • A. Resume normal activities immediately. • B. Avoid strenuous activity with the extremity used for the procedure. • C. Take a long flight the next day. • D. Engage in high-impact sports.

47. What is the primary purpose of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?** - **A.** To measure the oxygen level in the blood. - **B.** To record the electrical activity of the myocardium. - **C.** To visualize the interior of the heart. - **D.** To check for bone fractures in the chest area.

48. Which wave in an ECG represents the depolarization of the atria?** - **A.** P wave - **B.** QRS complex - **C.** T wave - **D.** U wave

**49. What does the QRS complex on an ECG tracing represent?** - **A.** Depolarization of the ventricles. - **B.** Repolarization of the ventricles. - **C.** Depolarization of the atria. - **D.** Repolarization of the atria.

50. Why is conductive gel used during an ECG?** - **A.** To decrease the patient's discomfort. - **B.** To enhance contact and transmission of electrical activity. - **C.** To improve the visual quality of the ECG paper. - **D.** To secure the electrodes more firmly to the skin.