What is the important function of enzymes in the body

What do you call if enzymes only speeds up on a specific reaction

occur in tandem and it occurred when peeling or cutting fruits resulting to an enzymatic browning.

What do you call to the pair of reaction of oxidation and reduction.

is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron

Typically add “-ase” to name of substrate

catalyze redox reactions; dehydrogenases, oxidases, peroxidases, reductases

catalyze group transfer reactions; often require coenzymes

catalyze hydrolysis reactions

lysis of substrate; produce contains double bond

catalyze structural changes; isomerization

ligation or joining of two substrates with input of energy, usually from ATP hydrolysis; often called synthetases or synthases

an inactive enzyme, activation of the enzyme occurs upon binding of an organic or inorganic cofactor.

enzymes that lack their necessary cofactor(s) for proper functioning

a protein

active forms of apoenzymes. (apoenzyme plus cofactor). DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are examples

mostly metal ions or small organic molecules, inorganic and organic chemicals that assist enzymes during the catalysis of reactions

nonprotein component (e.g. magnesium, zinc)

non-protein organic molecules that are mostly derivatives of vitamins soluble in water by phosphorylation

organic cofactor (Eg: NADH, FADH)

Many enzymes can catalyst a reaction only if

Components of Holoenzyme

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed

A biological catalyst (usually protein)

The reactant molecule that an enzyme works on

The part of the enzyme which substrate binds

formed when the substrate molecule collided with the active site of its enzyme

Intracellular enzyme

Extracellular enzyme

The minimum energy required to start a chemical reactive

The intermediate stage in a reaction in which the old bonds break and new bonds are formed

a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.

are common and vital to some of the basic functions of life, including photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, and corrosion or rusting.

involve the transfer of electron from one electron to another

Generally exothermic

Generally exothermic

What are the two parts of redox reaction

Gains electron and the oxidation number decreases

Loses electron and the oxidation number increases

meaning oxidation is loss and reduction is gain

loss of e- = oxidation is loss and gain of e- = reduction is gain

can be defined as addition of oxygen/electronegative element to a substance or removal of hydrogen/ electropositive element from a substance.

can be defined as removal of oxygen/electronegative element from a substance or addition of hydrogen/ electropositive element to a substance.

A reagent which increases the oxidation number of an element of a given substance.

A reagent that lowers the oxidation number of a given element

Oxidizing agent are called

Reducing agent are called

It contains the element that is reduced

It contains element that is oxidized

This is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or added to test if a reaction occurs.

This is more specifically a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction.

Generally speeds up a reaction

slows down a reaction

can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working

The enzymatic activity (rate of reaction catalyzed by the enzyme) increases with increasing temperature until the enzyme, a protein, is denatured by heat and inactivated. At this point, the reaction rate falls steeply.

Can cause enzyme to denature

Increases the rate of reaction to a certain point

With increasing concentration of substrate molecules, the rate of reaction increases until the active sites on all the enzyme molecules are filled, at which point the maximum rate of reaction is reached.

will speed up the reaction, as long as there is substrate available to bind to

A molecule similar in structure to a substrate can bind to an enzyme’s active site and compete with substrate

Attach to the enzyme at an allosteric site, which is a site other than the active site distort the teritoary protein structure and alter the shape of the active site

Regulates the rate of many metabolic pathways when an end product of a pathway accumulates and binds to and inactivates the first enzyme in the metabolic pathway, product (usually ultimate product) of a pathway controls the rate of synthesis through inhibition of an early step (usually the first step), conserves material and energy by preventing accumulation of intermediates

Gains electron and the oxidation number decreases

Loses electron and the oxidation number increases

Example of redox reaction

extreme __ can cause enzyme to denature

enzyme concentration will last as long as the

What do you call this

Burning and stingy sensation in our eyes was due to diay and pila that came in contact with the sweat and to an anti-microbial enzyme fighting off germs called

Vital for life and serve a wide range of important function in the body

Highly selective catalyst

Anti-microbial enzyme fighting off germs

Enzyme are vital for life and serves as a wide range function of the body includes

So, enzymes are vital for life and serve a wide range of important functions in the body, such as

• an inactive enzyme, activation of the enzyme occurs upon binding of an organic or inorganic cofactor. • enzymes that lack their necessary cofactor(s) for proper functioning • a protein

active forms of apoenzymes. (apoenzyme plus cofactor) • DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are examples

mostly metal ions or small organic molecules, inorganic and organic chemicals that assist enzymes during the catalysis of reactions

nonprotein component (e.g. magnesium, zinc)

non-protein organic molecules that are mostly derivatives of vitamins soluble in water by phosphorylation

organic cofactor (Eg: NADH, FADH)

a reagent which increases the oxidation number of an element of a given substance. These reagents are called oxidants. It contains the element that is reduced.

a reagent that lowers the oxidation number of a given element. These reagents are also called reductants. It contains the element that is oxidized.