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BIO LESSON 7 - Enzymes

BIO LESSON 7 - Enzymes
84問 • 2年前
  • Precious Mendez
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is the important function of enzymes in the body

    fighting germs, metabolism and digestion

  • 2

    What do you call if enzymes only speeds up on a specific reaction

    Highly selective catalyst

  • 3

    occur in tandem and it occurred when peeling or cutting fruits resulting to an enzymatic browning.

    Oxidation and Refuction

  • 4

    What do you call to the pair of reaction of oxidation and reduction.

    oxidation-reduction reaction or redox reaction

  • 5

    is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

    Oxidation-Reduction (redox) reaction

  • 6

    any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron

    Reduction-Oxidation (redox) reaction

  • 7

    Typically add “-ase” to name of substrate

    Nomenclature

  • 8

    catalyze redox reactions; dehydrogenases, oxidases, peroxidases, reductases

    Oxidoreductases

  • 9

    catalyze group transfer reactions; often require coenzymes

    Transferases

  • 10

    catalyze hydrolysis reactions

    Hydrolases

  • 11

    lysis of substrate; produce contains double bond

    Lyases

  • 12

    catalyze structural changes; isomerization

    Isomerases

  • 13

    ligation or joining of two substrates with input of energy, usually from ATP hydrolysis; often called synthetases or synthases

    Ligases

  • 14

    an inactive enzyme, activation of the enzyme occurs upon binding of an organic or inorganic cofactor.

    Apoenzyme

  • 15

    enzymes that lack their necessary cofactor(s) for proper functioning

    Apoenzyme

  • 16

    a protein

    Apoenzyme

  • 17

    active forms of apoenzymes. (apoenzyme plus cofactor). DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are examples

    Holoenzyme

  • 18

    mostly metal ions or small organic molecules, inorganic and organic chemicals that assist enzymes during the catalysis of reactions

    Cofactor

  • 19

    nonprotein component (e.g. magnesium, zinc)

    Cofactor

  • 20

    non-protein organic molecules that are mostly derivatives of vitamins soluble in water by phosphorylation

    Conenzyme

  • 21

    organic cofactor (Eg: NADH, FADH)

    Conenzyme

  • 22

    Many enzymes can catalyst a reaction only if

    Conenzyme and cofactors are present

  • 23

    Components of Holoenzyme

    Apoenzyme (protein portion), inactive + Cofactor (non protein portion), active = Holoenzyme (whole enzyme), active

  • 24

    A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed

    Catalyst

  • 25

    A biological catalyst (usually protein)

    Enzyme

  • 26

    The reactant molecule that an enzyme works on

    Substrate

  • 27

    The part of the enzyme which substrate binds

    Active site

  • 28

    formed when the substrate molecule collided with the active site of its enzyme

    Enzyme-substrate complex

  • 29

    Intracellular enzyme

    Endoenzyme

  • 30

    Extracellular enzyme

    Exoenzyme

  • 31

    The minimum energy required to start a chemical reactive

    Activation energy

  • 32

    The intermediate stage in a reaction in which the old bonds break and new bonds are formed

    Transition state

  • 33

    a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

    Oxidation-Reduction (redox) reaction

  • 34

    is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.

    Oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction

  • 35

    are common and vital to some of the basic functions of life, including photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, and corrosion or rusting.

    Redox reaction

  • 36

    involve the transfer of electron from one electron to another

    All redox reaction

  • 37

    Generally exothermic

    Spontaneous redox reaction

  • 38

    Generally exothermic

    Spontaneous redox reaction

  • 39

    What are the two parts of redox reaction

    Reduced half & the oxidized half

  • 40

    Gains electron and the oxidation number decreases

    Reduced half

  • 41

    Loses electron and the oxidation number increases

    Oxidized half

  • 42

    meaning oxidation is loss and reduction is gain

    mnemonic device called OIL RIG

  • 43

    loss of e- = oxidation is loss and gain of e- = reduction is gain

    LEO SAYS GER

  • 44

    can be defined as addition of oxygen/electronegative element to a substance or removal of hydrogen/ electropositive element from a substance.

    Oxidation

  • 45

    can be defined as removal of oxygen/electronegative element from a substance or addition of hydrogen/ electropositive element to a substance.

    Reduction

  • 46

    A reagent which increases the oxidation number of an element of a given substance.

    Oxidizing agent

  • 47

    A reagent that lowers the oxidation number of a given element

    Reducing agent

  • 48

    Oxidizing agent are called

    Oxidants

  • 49

    Reducing agent are called

    Reductants

  • 50

    It contains the element that is reduced

    Oxidizing agent

  • 51

    It contains element that is oxidized

    Reducing agent

  • 52

    This is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or added to test if a reaction occurs.

    Reactant

  • 53

    This is more specifically a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction.

    Reagent

  • 54

    Generally speeds up a reaction

    Raising temperatures

  • 55

    slows down a reaction

    Lowerimg temperature

  • 56

    can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working

    Extreme high temperature

  • 57

    The enzymatic activity (rate of reaction catalyzed by the enzyme) increases with increasing temperature until the enzyme, a protein, is denatured by heat and inactivated. At this point, the reaction rate falls steeply.

    Temperature

  • 58

    Can cause enzyme to denature

    Extreme ph values

  • 59

    Increases the rate of reaction to a certain point

    Increasing substrate concentration

  • 60

    With increasing concentration of substrate molecules, the rate of reaction increases until the active sites on all the enzyme molecules are filled, at which point the maximum rate of reaction is reached.

    Substrate concentration

  • 61

    will speed up the reaction, as long as there is substrate available to bind to

    Enzyme Concentration

  • 62

    A molecule similar in structure to a substrate can bind to an enzyme’s active site and compete with substrate

    Competetive Inhibitor

  • 63

    Attach to the enzyme at an allosteric site, which is a site other than the active site distort the teritoary protein structure and alter the shape of the active site

    Noncompetetive Inhibitors

  • 64

    Regulates the rate of many metabolic pathways when an end product of a pathway accumulates and binds to and inactivates the first enzyme in the metabolic pathway, product (usually ultimate product) of a pathway controls the rate of synthesis through inhibition of an early step (usually the first step), conserves material and energy by preventing accumulation of intermediates

    Feedback Inhibition

  • 65

    Gains electron and the oxidation number decreases

    Reduced half

  • 66

    Loses electron and the oxidation number increases

    Oxidized half

  • 67

    Example of redox reaction

    Thermite Reaction

  • 68

    extreme __ can cause enzyme to denature

    ph

  • 69

    enzyme concentration will last as long as the

    substrate are present

  • 70

    What do you call this

    Non Competetive Inhibitor

  • 71

    Burning and stingy sensation in our eyes was due to diay and pila that came in contact with the sweat and to an anti-microbial enzyme fighting off germs called

    Lysozomes

  • 72

    Vital for life and serve a wide range of important function in the body

    Enzyme

  • 73

    Highly selective catalyst

    Enzyme

  • 74

    Anti-microbial enzyme fighting off germs

    Lysozomes

  • 75

    Enzyme are vital for life and serves as a wide range function of the body includes

    fighting germs, digestion and metabolism

  • 76

    So, enzymes are vital for life and serve a wide range of important functions in the body, such as

    Aiding in fighting germs, digestion and metabolism

  • 77

    • an inactive enzyme, activation of the enzyme occurs upon binding of an organic or inorganic cofactor. • enzymes that lack their necessary cofactor(s) for proper functioning • a protein

    Apoenzyme

  • 78

    active forms of apoenzymes. (apoenzyme plus cofactor) • DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are examples

    Haloenzyme

  • 79

    mostly metal ions or small organic molecules, inorganic and organic chemicals that assist enzymes during the catalysis of reactions

    Co factor

  • 80

    nonprotein component (e.g. magnesium, zinc)

    cofactor

  • 81

    non-protein organic molecules that are mostly derivatives of vitamins soluble in water by phosphorylation

    coenzyme

  • 82

    organic cofactor (Eg: NADH, FADH)

    coenzyme

  • 83

    a reagent which increases the oxidation number of an element of a given substance. These reagents are called oxidants. It contains the element that is reduced.

    oxidizing agent

  • 84

    a reagent that lowers the oxidation number of a given element. These reagents are also called reductants. It contains the element that is oxidized.

    Reducing agent

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    What is the important function of enzymes in the body

    fighting germs, metabolism and digestion

  • 2

    What do you call if enzymes only speeds up on a specific reaction

    Highly selective catalyst

  • 3

    occur in tandem and it occurred when peeling or cutting fruits resulting to an enzymatic browning.

    Oxidation and Refuction

  • 4

    What do you call to the pair of reaction of oxidation and reduction.

    oxidation-reduction reaction or redox reaction

  • 5

    is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

    Oxidation-Reduction (redox) reaction

  • 6

    any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron

    Reduction-Oxidation (redox) reaction

  • 7

    Typically add “-ase” to name of substrate

    Nomenclature

  • 8

    catalyze redox reactions; dehydrogenases, oxidases, peroxidases, reductases

    Oxidoreductases

  • 9

    catalyze group transfer reactions; often require coenzymes

    Transferases

  • 10

    catalyze hydrolysis reactions

    Hydrolases

  • 11

    lysis of substrate; produce contains double bond

    Lyases

  • 12

    catalyze structural changes; isomerization

    Isomerases

  • 13

    ligation or joining of two substrates with input of energy, usually from ATP hydrolysis; often called synthetases or synthases

    Ligases

  • 14

    an inactive enzyme, activation of the enzyme occurs upon binding of an organic or inorganic cofactor.

    Apoenzyme

  • 15

    enzymes that lack their necessary cofactor(s) for proper functioning

    Apoenzyme

  • 16

    a protein

    Apoenzyme

  • 17

    active forms of apoenzymes. (apoenzyme plus cofactor). DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are examples

    Holoenzyme

  • 18

    mostly metal ions or small organic molecules, inorganic and organic chemicals that assist enzymes during the catalysis of reactions

    Cofactor

  • 19

    nonprotein component (e.g. magnesium, zinc)

    Cofactor

  • 20

    non-protein organic molecules that are mostly derivatives of vitamins soluble in water by phosphorylation

    Conenzyme

  • 21

    organic cofactor (Eg: NADH, FADH)

    Conenzyme

  • 22

    Many enzymes can catalyst a reaction only if

    Conenzyme and cofactors are present

  • 23

    Components of Holoenzyme

    Apoenzyme (protein portion), inactive + Cofactor (non protein portion), active = Holoenzyme (whole enzyme), active

  • 24

    A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed

    Catalyst

  • 25

    A biological catalyst (usually protein)

    Enzyme

  • 26

    The reactant molecule that an enzyme works on

    Substrate

  • 27

    The part of the enzyme which substrate binds

    Active site

  • 28

    formed when the substrate molecule collided with the active site of its enzyme

    Enzyme-substrate complex

  • 29

    Intracellular enzyme

    Endoenzyme

  • 30

    Extracellular enzyme

    Exoenzyme

  • 31

    The minimum energy required to start a chemical reactive

    Activation energy

  • 32

    The intermediate stage in a reaction in which the old bonds break and new bonds are formed

    Transition state

  • 33

    a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

    Oxidation-Reduction (redox) reaction

  • 34

    is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.

    Oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction

  • 35

    are common and vital to some of the basic functions of life, including photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, and corrosion or rusting.

    Redox reaction

  • 36

    involve the transfer of electron from one electron to another

    All redox reaction

  • 37

    Generally exothermic

    Spontaneous redox reaction

  • 38

    Generally exothermic

    Spontaneous redox reaction

  • 39

    What are the two parts of redox reaction

    Reduced half & the oxidized half

  • 40

    Gains electron and the oxidation number decreases

    Reduced half

  • 41

    Loses electron and the oxidation number increases

    Oxidized half

  • 42

    meaning oxidation is loss and reduction is gain

    mnemonic device called OIL RIG

  • 43

    loss of e- = oxidation is loss and gain of e- = reduction is gain

    LEO SAYS GER

  • 44

    can be defined as addition of oxygen/electronegative element to a substance or removal of hydrogen/ electropositive element from a substance.

    Oxidation

  • 45

    can be defined as removal of oxygen/electronegative element from a substance or addition of hydrogen/ electropositive element to a substance.

    Reduction

  • 46

    A reagent which increases the oxidation number of an element of a given substance.

    Oxidizing agent

  • 47

    A reagent that lowers the oxidation number of a given element

    Reducing agent

  • 48

    Oxidizing agent are called

    Oxidants

  • 49

    Reducing agent are called

    Reductants

  • 50

    It contains the element that is reduced

    Oxidizing agent

  • 51

    It contains element that is oxidized

    Reducing agent

  • 52

    This is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or added to test if a reaction occurs.

    Reactant

  • 53

    This is more specifically a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction.

    Reagent

  • 54

    Generally speeds up a reaction

    Raising temperatures

  • 55

    slows down a reaction

    Lowerimg temperature

  • 56

    can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working

    Extreme high temperature

  • 57

    The enzymatic activity (rate of reaction catalyzed by the enzyme) increases with increasing temperature until the enzyme, a protein, is denatured by heat and inactivated. At this point, the reaction rate falls steeply.

    Temperature

  • 58

    Can cause enzyme to denature

    Extreme ph values

  • 59

    Increases the rate of reaction to a certain point

    Increasing substrate concentration

  • 60

    With increasing concentration of substrate molecules, the rate of reaction increases until the active sites on all the enzyme molecules are filled, at which point the maximum rate of reaction is reached.

    Substrate concentration

  • 61

    will speed up the reaction, as long as there is substrate available to bind to

    Enzyme Concentration

  • 62

    A molecule similar in structure to a substrate can bind to an enzyme’s active site and compete with substrate

    Competetive Inhibitor

  • 63

    Attach to the enzyme at an allosteric site, which is a site other than the active site distort the teritoary protein structure and alter the shape of the active site

    Noncompetetive Inhibitors

  • 64

    Regulates the rate of many metabolic pathways when an end product of a pathway accumulates and binds to and inactivates the first enzyme in the metabolic pathway, product (usually ultimate product) of a pathway controls the rate of synthesis through inhibition of an early step (usually the first step), conserves material and energy by preventing accumulation of intermediates

    Feedback Inhibition

  • 65

    Gains electron and the oxidation number decreases

    Reduced half

  • 66

    Loses electron and the oxidation number increases

    Oxidized half

  • 67

    Example of redox reaction

    Thermite Reaction

  • 68

    extreme __ can cause enzyme to denature

    ph

  • 69

    enzyme concentration will last as long as the

    substrate are present

  • 70

    What do you call this

    Non Competetive Inhibitor

  • 71

    Burning and stingy sensation in our eyes was due to diay and pila that came in contact with the sweat and to an anti-microbial enzyme fighting off germs called

    Lysozomes

  • 72

    Vital for life and serve a wide range of important function in the body

    Enzyme

  • 73

    Highly selective catalyst

    Enzyme

  • 74

    Anti-microbial enzyme fighting off germs

    Lysozomes

  • 75

    Enzyme are vital for life and serves as a wide range function of the body includes

    fighting germs, digestion and metabolism

  • 76

    So, enzymes are vital for life and serve a wide range of important functions in the body, such as

    Aiding in fighting germs, digestion and metabolism

  • 77

    • an inactive enzyme, activation of the enzyme occurs upon binding of an organic or inorganic cofactor. • enzymes that lack their necessary cofactor(s) for proper functioning • a protein

    Apoenzyme

  • 78

    active forms of apoenzymes. (apoenzyme plus cofactor) • DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are examples

    Haloenzyme

  • 79

    mostly metal ions or small organic molecules, inorganic and organic chemicals that assist enzymes during the catalysis of reactions

    Co factor

  • 80

    nonprotein component (e.g. magnesium, zinc)

    cofactor

  • 81

    non-protein organic molecules that are mostly derivatives of vitamins soluble in water by phosphorylation

    coenzyme

  • 82

    organic cofactor (Eg: NADH, FADH)

    coenzyme

  • 83

    a reagent which increases the oxidation number of an element of a given substance. These reagents are called oxidants. It contains the element that is reduced.

    oxidizing agent

  • 84

    a reagent that lowers the oxidation number of a given element. These reagents are also called reductants. It contains the element that is oxidized.

    Reducing agent