Positive and negative predictive values

2 types of instruments

Appear to measure what it purports to measure

Stable and will not indicate change when none has occurred

Everything about the patient

Used to measure how a person does certain tasks or fulfills certain roles in the various dimensions described by the ICF

May be used either to describe the patient’s current level of function or to identify the maximum level of function possible

Instrument parameters and formats

Opposite of sensitivity

Assessment tool compared to the best tool

Impairments

Refers to the portion of individuals with a limitation in function who are correctly classified

Should occur at regular intervals during treatment to document progress and before discharge from the episode of care

Helpful to qualify a person’s performance by linking observations with nonspecific indicators of impairments

Specific construct

Pertains to how the patient performs in his current context or situation

Time scores alone do not always yield the complete functional picture because time is different from the quality of the movement

Doing things with a purpose or movement with a purpose

Specificity: Those who have disease or limitation of function are correctly classified

Refers to the face value of the instrument

Divergent perspective on what is to be tested or measure by PT

More or less include working

Smallest difference in a measured variable that signifies an important rather than a trivial difference in the patient’s condition

Measure a phenomenon dependently, time after time, accurately, predictability, and without variation

Outpatient PT improvement in movement assessment log (OPTIMAL)

Combination of these constructs or may have items from different ICF domains

Pertains to meaningful change in a patient’s status

Testing may be biased by fatigue

True change

Is the patient able to execute a certain activity

Results compared to the gold standard

External factors such as transportation, support system, laws, government, etc.

Proportion of people who have a positive findung in a test who actually have a limitation in function as classified by the comparison test

Determining the quality of instruments

Sample instruments to assess function

Pertains to it being stable

Patient referenced concept and is dependent on what the individual self identifies as essential to support physical and psychological well being, as well as to create a personal sense of meaningful living

Could either be facilitator or barrier

Function tests can utilize four highly divergent perspectives on what is to be tested or measured by the physical therapist

Measures all important or specified dimensions of function

Checklist, scored as able to do or not aboe to do, independent or dependent, completed or incomplete, etc

Degree to which two instruments agree

Work includes other sub activities that comprise the participation of work

Should be precise and unambiguous

MCID

Conducive to the type of testing and free of distractions

Talks about “Does this pt perform this certain activity habitually? or “Does this pt even have the capacity or is the patient even able to perform this activity?

Patient is the one answering or giving data to the instrument

About the patient themselves such as age, gender, education, work or occupation

Pertains to the content of the tool itself

MDC

Individuals who do not have limitation in function who are correctly classified

Patient is asked directly either by the therapist or by an interviewer or even by a self administered report instrument

Pertains to patient background

Tests should be performed by the same therapist of the same performance should be highly correlated

Agreement among multiple observers of the same event

Important change

Time does not equate to quality of performance

Both the predictive values pertains to comparative assessment tool or the assessment tool you are complaining to that of the gold standard

Patient’s capacity to do an activity or task

The construct of ______ encompasses all those tasks, activities and roles that identify a person as an independent adult or as a child progressing toward adult independence

Therapist should use terms that are well defined and unambiguous

Tasks

Described a range of performance or the degree to which the person can perform the task; no difficulty, some difficulty, unable to do or always, sometimes, rarely, never

Proportion of people who have a negative finding on a test who do not have a limitation in function

Visual analog scales attempt to present measurement quantities in terms of straight line placed horizontally or vertically on paper

Multifaceted concept and established in many different ways

Directly affects what types of tests and measures should be chosen and what parameters of measurement are appropriate to yield data useful to making clinical judgements

Involves the PT observing the pt performing an activity

Validity assess:

Smallest amount of change in a measurement that exceeds the measurement error of the instrument