focuses on developing comprehension skills

aims to help students understand meaning over individual words or letters

is a quick reading method to get a general idea of the content

reading on the surface” where you're just looking at the main points without focusing on every detail.

You might read the first and last paragraphs, topic sentences, headings, subheadings, and bold or italicized words.

To get an overview or understand the main idea of the text.

is a fast search for specific information in the text

You don’t read the whole text; instead, you focus on finding certain keywords, dates, numbers, or facts

Think of it as “searching” through the text quickly to locate details

To find specific information without reading the entire text

Understanding the general idea or overview

Finding specific information or details

is reading with a focus on details, aiming to understand every word and idea in the text

You typically read shorter, complex texts, like essays, poems, or textbooks, carefully analyzing language, grammar, and meaning.

You might re-read sections, look up definitions, or take notes to fully grasp the text.

To gain a deep understanding of a specific text, often for study or analysis

is reading for enjoyment or to improve general comprehension, often focusing on longer texts.

You usually read longer books, articles, or novels without worrying about understanding every word

The goal is to keep reading fluidly, enjoying the story or information, and understanding the main ideas

To read widely, improve fluency, and build vocabulary through exposure to different texts

Deep, focused reading for complete understanding, usually of shorter texts

Broad, enjoyable reading for overall comprehension, often with longer texts.

It is a creative piece written in comic form

It is a comic book narrative that is equivalent in form and dimension to the prose novel (Campbell 200, 81). The pictures are arranged sequenced in image panels and dialogues are written in speech bubbles. The illustrations allow the readers to imagine and experience the characters and events in the story.

It is a short written creative piece usually consisting of a few hundred words.

It is known for micro stories, postcard fiction, nanotales and short shorts.

According to Sustana (2020), most of the flash fictions have these common characteristics.

Flash fiction presents the story with the fewest words possible.

Flash fiction emphasizes the development of plot. It has a beginning, middle, and ending of the story.

The successful hallmark of a flash fiction is its twist at the end of the story.

animals, inanimate objects, or other non-human characters

humans or human-like characters

to entertain while teaching a lesson, usually through exaggeration or fantasy

to inspire reflection or moral growth, often with a spiritual or philosophical focus

lighthearted, humorous, or exaggerated

more serious or thought-provoking

Similarities of fable and parable

It is an electronic application used to teach lessons or to further educate learners on a particular topic

Using interactive digital tools to tell a story

Different types of multimedia

It is a moving visual image. It is a primary component in multimedia, especially those that appear online and on television

Creating moving images from still images or illustrations. It is a form of art for most people, especially those that are in the business of producing animated movies

Written or printed material that conveys information or ideas. It has always been and will always be the most common among the types of multimedia components in different applications

Visual representations of objects, scenes, people, or concepts

Refers to sound. Audio files include background music and special effects

It is a process of adapting a literary source (e.g. a novel, short story, and poem) to another genre or medium such as a film, stage play, or video game.

Types of adaptation

This type is concerned with preserving every possible detail of the book exactly how it exists in the book, just transferred to the film as a medium

It is concerned with finding balance between being true to its own as a work of art. It finds the essential elements of the book and interprets them in ways that are meaningful for the audience

This type is concerned about keeping a few elements or some semblance of the premise of the book it’s based on, but then more or less does its own thing with them

This type of adaptation seeks to highlight the timelessness and universality of their source works’ messages and themes